Stakeholder perceptions of the northern Gulf of Mexico grouper and tilefish individual fishing quota program

The Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council determined that previous management of the grouper and tilefish fisheries in the northern Gulf of Mexico were not meeting management goals, and developed a catch shares program using individual fishing quotas (IFQs) beginning in January 2010 in order to more effectively manage these fisheries. An IFQ is a management method in which individual fishers and corporations are allocated the right to harvest a percentage of a fishery's total allowable catch, thus specifying how much of a particular species each fisher can harvest. This study makes use of a mail out survey to document the perceptions of fishers, seafood wholesalers, fisheries managers, and academics with an interest in the (northern) Gulf of Mexico grouper and tilefish IFQ program. While fishers, seafood dealers, fisheries managers, and academics all acknowledge that the IFQ program will create some problems, commercial fishers and dealers were far more skeptical of the alleged benefits of IFQs. Moreover, larger commercial operators were more inclined to agree with managers and academics that the IFQ program will produce several benefits for their operations and the fisheries. Some smaller operators believe that they will be driven to ignore the new rules or be forced out of business. In the future, the Gulf Council might do two things: put a bit more effort into making fishers aware of the potential benefits of IFQs, and develop alternatives with more flexibility perhaps working more closely with communities of fishers, who prize their independent way of life above all else.     

Fishermen's perspectives on climate variability

Understanding fishermen's perspectives and responses relating to climate variability is important for sustainable fisheries management. To this end, a survey of captains of commercial passenger fishing vessels (CPFVs) was conducted in San Diego. The survey demonstrates that fishermen have observed and adapted to changes in the environment and fish populations associated with climate variability. However, only 12.9% of respondents agreed that global climate change is a possibility. In order to explain fishermen's divergent beliefs on climate change, a semiparametric discrete choice model is used to identify the potential determinants. The empirical results highlight the importance of the following factors: fishermen's experience, observations of the phenomena that are associated with climate variability, and an interaction of fishermen's experience and their observations.     

GPS辅助的构架航线区域网平差精度分析

首先介绍了GPS辅助空中三角测量;然后以实际生产项目为例,对无控制、稀少控制、密集控制等不同地面控制条件下的GPS辅助空中三角测量精度进行了对比分析;同时就构架航线对区域网平差精度的影响进行了试验研究。结果表明,稀少控制联合GPS进行区域网平差是可行的,构架航线有助于粗差探测,并能进一步减少控制点的数量。     

干旱胁迫下牛心朴子的渗透调节机制研究

为探讨荒漠植物牛心朴子(Cynanchum komarovii)响应干旱胁迫的渗透调节机制,采用不同浓度（0~25%）的聚乙二醇（PEG-6000）对愈伤组织进行模拟干旱胁迫,检测了不同程度干旱胁迫下牛心朴子中渗透调节物质K+、Na+、脯氨酸、甜菜碱和可溶性糖（果糖、蔗糖和海藻糖）的含量。结果显示,与对照组相比,处理组牛心朴子的脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量显著升高（P<0.05）,且具有浓度和时间依赖效应。在可溶性糖中,果糖和蔗糖只在高浓度处理组有所增加,而海藻糖含量在所有处理组均明显升高（P<0.05）,且增幅较大（10%PEG浓度组为31%,25%PEG浓度组为98%）,同时海藻糖含量与PEG处理浓度的相关系数最大（R2=0.9437,P<0.01）。以上研究结果表明,海藻糖是牛心朴子响应干旱胁迫主要的渗透调节物质。     

SP-2100A型气相色谱仪的安装与调试

通过介绍SP-2100A型气相色谱仪的安装与调试情况,对安装、调试过程中存在的问题做了详细的阐述,斤提出了相应的解决办法。     

近邻景区客流季节性比较及其动态关联研究——以西递、宏村、黄山为例

季节性是旅游明显而又重要的特征,要实现旅游业的高效管理,对于旅游季节性的充分理解是必不可少的。本研究以同一旅游目的地区域内的近邻景区为案例(西递、宏村和黄山),利用“十一五”期间的连续月度数据,采用季节调整方法对近邻景区客流的季节性进行分析和比较,在此基础上,运用协动性分析方法,进行近邻景区客流季节性和非季节性因素的动态关联分析,借助动态关联分析结果,探究景区客流季节性的形成根源,反映近邻景区相互作用等非季节性因素在季节性上的表现。研究表明,结合景区间相互作用等非季节性因素进行景区客流季节性研究,有利于全面认识和理解景区客流的季节性,从而增强景区管理的针对性和实效性。     

The Stability of Tide Gauges in the South Pacific Determined from Multiepoch Geodetic Levelling, 1992 to 2010

Tide gauge data is important for determining global or local sea level rise with respect to a global geocentric reference frame. Data from repeated precise levelling connections between the tide gauges and a series of coastal and inland benchmarks, including Continuous GPS (CGPS) benchmarks, are used to determine the stability of tide gauges at 12 locations in the South Pacific. The method for determining this stability is based on a constant velocity model which minimises the net movement amongst a set of datum benchmarks surveyed since the installation of the tide gauges. When assessed at a 95% confidence interval, and with the exception of the Solomon Islands, none of the tide gauges were found to be in motion relative to their CGPS benchmarks. The Solomon Islands estimate is considered to be unreliable since the CGPS benchmark was recently established and has been surveyed fewer than three times. In Tonga and Cook Islands, the tide gauges were found to be disturbed or affected by survey errors whereas the Vanuatu results were affected by earthquakes.     

中国城市发展方针的演变调整与城市规模新格局

城市发展方针是指导城市持续健康发展、把握城市发展大局与方向的总体纲领。处在不同发展阶段的城市需要与之相适应的城市发展方针来指导,城市发展的阶段性规律决定了城市发展方针是随着城市发展阶段的变化而调整的,因而不是一成不变的。在对中国近60 多年来城市发展总体方针演变过程与指导效果回顾总结的基础上,客观分析了中国现行城市发展方针的局限性,包括现行城市发展方针与国家城市发展的客观现实不相符合,缺少对城市化重点地区“城市群”的基本表述,对大、中、小城市的划分标准不尽合理,现行城市发展方针指导下的城市体系等级规模结构与行政区划不相协调等。最后提出了调整现行城市发展方针的建议方案,重新划分大、中、小城市的规模标准,将中国城市划分为超大城市（市区常住人口规模≥1000 万人）、特大城市（介于500 万~1000 万人）、大城市（介于100 万~500 万人）、中等城市（介于50 万~100 万人）、小城市（介于10 万~50 万人）、小城镇（<10 万人） 共六个规模等级标准;将新形势下中国城市发展方针调整为：引导发展城市群,严格控制超大和特大城市,合理发展大城市,鼓励发展中等城市,积极发展小城市和小城镇,形成城市群与大、中、小城市与小城镇协调发展的国家城市发展新格局。到2020 年将形成由20 个城市群、10 个超大城市、20 个特大城市、150 个大城市、240 个中等城市、350 个小城市和19000 个小城镇组成的6 级国家城市规模结构新体系;重新构建建制市的设市标准,尝试建立民族自治市;鼓励发展小城市和小城镇,把其作为农业人口就近就地市民化的首选地,不断提升城镇化发展质量。     

中国地质调查局2000—2014年科研态势分析——基于文献计量学方法研究

以中国地质调查局为研究对象,基于文献计量学研究方法,对中国地质调查局2010—2014年被SCI-E、SSCI、CPCI-S数据库收录的研究型论文的产出、研究领域、研究热点、机构合作等情况进行了统计分析,以期从一个侧面对中国地质调查局的科研发展态势进行判读。     

中国地质调查局专利情况分析报告(1999—2013)

通过对1999—2013年中国地质调查局系统28家机构专利情况的统计,从专利申请量与授权量、申请专利的主要技术领域分布、专利类型、专利申请主体、申请专利法律状态、专利维持率和存活期等方面进行了专利成果特征分析,从中发现了局属单位专利成果管理中存在的问题,并提出了相应建议。