RATES OF SOIL FORMATION ON BLACK MESA,NORTHEAST ARIZONA: A CHRONOSEQUENCE IN LATE QUATERNARY ALLUVIUM

A chronosequence of 17 soils in late Quaternary alluvium on Black Mesa, northeast Arizona, permits quantification of rates of pedogenesis in a semi-arid region. Based on 24 tree-ring, radiocarbon, and archaeological dates, soil ages range from about 100 to 20,000 to 30,000+ years. Data indicate that ochric, cambic, argillic, natric, and calcic horizons form within about 100, 500, 1000, 3000, and 15,000 years, respectively, whereas mollic epipedons form within 1000 years. Bk horizons with Stage I, I+, II+, and III carbonate morphologies form within about 1000, 4000, 10,000, and 15,000 years, respectively. Thickness of Bt and Bk horizons, and Harden profile development and clay accumulation index values increase in a linear manner with increasing soil age. High resolution dating suggests rates of pedogenesis on Black Mesa are rapid relative to those documented elsewhere in the southwest United States and in the Rocky Mountains. Rates of soil formation recorded on Black Mesa, however, necessarily incorporate the combined effects of slight variations in elevation, climate, vegetation, topography, and parent materials throughout the region, as well as the influence of additions of atmospheric dust at the soil surface. [Key words: soil, pedogenesis, soil geomorphology, Quaternary, Arizona.]     

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秩亏自由网平差及其通解

通过坐标转换将初始坐标系下的特解转换得到任意坐标系下的通解,研究了秩亏自由网基准转换的实质。结果表明,秩亏自由网平差最优解实质是基于近似值所确定的基准下的最优解,在实际应用中确定合适的基准是关键。以西安地区GPS沉降监测网为例,不同基准下秩亏解均为该基准下最优解,但只有顾及板块运动的基准才具有物理意义。     

陇南地区房屋震害调查与易损性矩阵的建立

汶川地震后,作者赴陇南文县、武都区、康县、成县等地详细调查了房屋建筑的震害情况。在整理分析了大量现场第一手资料后,分别建立了各类房屋的地震易损性矩阵,并列举了一些典型震害现象,可为汶川地震后灾区的重建工作提供一定的参考。     

干旱对大豆叶片葫芦巴碱含量和渗透调节的影响

以两个抗旱性不同的大豆品种绥农14号和黑农38号为研究材料,研究了土壤干旱胁迫下大豆叶片葫芦巴碱含量的变化和渗透调节能力。结果表明,土壤干旱下两个大豆品种叶片水势、渗透势和压力势降低,且绥农14号叶片的压力势在干旱胁迫下明显高于黑农38号。干旱胁迫下两个大豆品种的渗透调节能力提高。在0~8 d 干旱期间,叶片的葫芦巴碱含量增加较快,脯氨酸含量增加较慢;在8~12 d干旱期间,叶片中葫芦巴碱含量下降,而脯氨酸含量迅速增加。因此,葫芦巴碱在轻度干旱下可能起到渗透调节物质的作用,在严重干旱下该作用减弱。     

不完全测量数据的EM处理算法

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不等式约束秩亏网平差的算法研究

提出具有不等式约束的秩亏网平差模型,并设计了一种简单易行的算法。该算法将基准条件当作虚拟观测,基于库恩塔克条件,运用迭代的高斯消去法区分有效约束和无效约束,将不等式约束转化为等式约束的秩亏网平差问题求解。并以一个水准网的实例验证了算法的可行性与正确性。     

利用扣除系数法估算灌区沟渠和农路面积

研究扣除系数法估算灌区沟渠和农路面积,进而计算耕地面积。以宁夏灌区中宁县第二次土地调查成果为基础进行。主要结论是:沟渠路面积误差可控在15%以内,耕地面积误差可控在2%以内;平均综合工效提高6.5倍。     

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