香格里拉扎沙地区地球化学异常及其找矿意义

扎沙地区土壤地球化学测量共圈定10个元素组合异常。Ⅰ类异常与地质构造吻合较好,应为致矿异常,可作为重要找矿标志,对缩小找矿靶区和找矿有较好的指导意义。     

基于SPA的征地区片划分和区片交界补偿价修正

区片划分是征地综合地价测算的前提和基础,区片划分合理与否直接关系到征地补偿能否顺利进行,但现有研究方法难以全面反映区片的差异性及其性质的可变性,导致区片交界征地补偿冲突不断。本文通过分析征地区片划分因素和因子体系,引入集对分析方法建立了征地区片划分模型,并根据集对态势度构建了区片交界补偿价修正模型。浙江省玉环县征地区片划分实践表明,该模型能为征地区片划分提供一种可行的方法,能有效减少区片价补偿冲突,从而提高区片划分的科学性与客观性。     

国外行政区划调整的经验及对我国的启示

行政区划调整是实现行政区划科学化的重要手段,是适应社会经济发展的客观要求。总结国外行政区划调整的经验,主要包括以下4点：在城市化快速发展时期国外基层行政区划的调整非常频繁;坚持城乡分治的行政管理框架,但有向城乡合治方向发展的趋势;西方城市化水平高的发达国家,城市行政等级趋同,小城镇也同样十分发达,数量非常多;重视大都市区的管理,建立有效的行政协调机构。在此基础上得出了对我国行政区划调整的启示,要加强我国行政区划调整的科学论证,进行行政管理体制的创新,理顺行政管理体制等建议。     

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用于大地网参数平差中计算权系数矩阵的递推公式

本文导出了大地网参数平差中计算权系数矩阵的递推公式,并通过实例说明它在经典平差和自由网伪逆平差中的应用。由于这一方法无需组成法方程组,所以可作为无法方程组的参数平差法的计算基础。 由于本方法具有很高的精度,又比传统方法简便,所以它在平差计算中将有广泛的应用前景。     

察尔汗盐湖区生物种类调查及评价

随着察尔汗盐湖资源开发活动强度的不断增加,各种人工设施和水利工程数量日渐增加,对生态环境的影响也逐步明显,因此本研究对盐湖区生态多样性和生态景观格局的变化趋势开展系统调查。主要通过梳理文献和对察尔汗盐湖周边的重点补给河流格尔木河的干支流及附属人工防洪堤水库水体开展生物多样性调查与评估,查明生物种类、分布、数量,评估盐湖区生物多样性现状,并从保护生物多样性的角度为盐湖区生态环境保护提供建议。     

Repeated high flows drive morphological change in rivers in recently deglaciated catchments

Climate change is decreasing glacier cover and increasing the frequency and magnitude of precipitation-driven high flows and floods in many regions of the world. Precipitation may become the dominant water source for river systems in recently deglaciated catchments, with major rainfall events driving significant changes in river channel morphology. Few studies, however, have examined river channel response to repeated precipitation-driven high flows. In this study, we measured the geomorphological condition of four low-order rivers in recently deglaciated catchments (70–210 years ice free) before and after a series of repeated precipitation-driven high flows during summer 2014. High flows drove substantial initial morphological change, with up to 75% change in baseflow channel planform position and active channel form change from pre- to post-high flow. Post-high flow years were associated with increased instream wood and geomorphological complexity at all but the youngest river. Channel changes were part of an active relaxation stage at all rivers, where channels continued to migrate, and complexity varied through time. Overall, these measurements permit us to propose a conceptual model of the role of geomorphologically effective high flows in the context of paraglacial adjustment theory. Specifically, we suggest that older rivers in recently deglaciated catchments can undergo a short-term (<10 years) increase in the rate of geomorphological development as a result of the recruitment of instream wood and channel migration during and following repeated precipitation-driven high flows. Enhancing our knowledge of these geomorphological and paraglacial processes in response to high flows is important for the effective management of riverine water and ecosystem resources in rapidly changing environments.     

Morphodynamics of an erodible channel under varying discharge

Alluvial channels arise through the interaction between morphology, hydraulics, and sediment transport, known as the ‘fluvial trinity’. Over relatively short timescales where climate and geology are fixed but discharge and sediment supply may vary, this process facilitates adjustments towards steady state, where the system oscillates around a mean condition. The relationship between changes in conditions and geomorphic response may be highly complex and nonlinear, especially in systems with multiple modes of adjustment. This study examines the adjustment of an erodible channel with fixed banks and a widely graded sediment mixture to successive increases in discharge. With each increase in discharge, components of the fluvial trinity adjusted towards a steady state. Particularly at relatively low discharges, adjustments were controlled by intrinsic thresholds and highlighted important morphodynamic processes. Notably, there was a strong interplay between channel morphology and sediment transport, and an effect whereby larger-than-average grains controlled channel deformation. These two processes occurred at the bar scale and were highly spatialised, which has two important implications: (1) reach-averaged representations of process provide only partial insight into morphodynamics; and (2) models of rivers that suppress these process feedbacks and size-dependent transport may not replicate morphodynamics that typically occur in field conditions. The experiments provide quantitative evidence for conceptual models describing exponential approaches towards steady state and the potential for transiency if disturbance frequency exceeds the recovery time. They also highlight how in natural rivers, particularly those with greater degrees of freedom for adjustment (notably, lateral adjustment and meandering), continuous changes in discharge may lead to nonlinear rather than steady-state behaviour. In these settings, more holistic analytical frameworks that embrace different aspects of the system are critical in understanding the direction, magnitude and timing of channel adjustments.     

基于单位四元数的机载三线阵影像光束法平差

为克服欧拉角在空间方位的描述和插值中的局限性,采用单位四元数来描述相机的姿态,推导了四元数描述的共线条件方程。在此基础上,提出了将四元数球面线性插值(Slerp)引入到三线阵影像定向片法平差的思想,通过利用Slerp公式进行相机姿态的匀速插值,建立了基于单位四元数的三线阵影像平差的数学模型并进行了线性化。两套ADS40数据的试验结果表明,在区域四角布设平高控制点的情况下,基于Slerp模型的定向片光束法平差在平面和高程方向均可取得优于1个地面像元(GSD)的定位精度,是三线阵相机检校和空中三角测量较理想的技术手段。     

Making a photomap of the human eye based on the spherical shape of its sclera and the circular contour of its iris

Iridology was defined as a method of diagnostic used in alternative medicine to analyze health status by studying colors, marks and signs in the sclera of the eye which according to iridologists can be demarcated into zones corresponding to parts of the human body. These are then made into “iridology charts” for comparison with photo images of a patient’s eyes. Due to the large tilt angles of the images relative to the eye’s geometrical axis, accurate comparison is not possible, and this paper suggests the use of photogrammetric methods for making a photomap for each of the patient’s eyes which is then compared to its respective iridology chart. Because of the small overlapping area between any two successive images (about 20%) and the lack of control points, we were prevented from using conventional photogrammetric methods and instead had to develop an alternative photogrammetric method based on the spherical shape of the sclera and the circular shape of the iris contour. Accuracy tests showed that this method is relatively accurate and has small residuals following the process of bundle adjustment.