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101.
A. D. Knighton 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1989,14(4):333-359
The mining of alluvial tin in the Ringarooma basin began in 1875, reached a peak in 1900–20, and had virtually ceased by 1982. During that time 40 million m3 of mining waste were supplied to the main river, quickly replacing the natural bed material and requiring major adjustments to the channel. Based on estimates of sediment supply from more than 50 widely scattered mines and the frequency of flows capable of transporting the introduced load, the river's transport history is reconstructed using a mass-conservation model. Because of the lengthy time period (110 years) and river distance (75 km) involved, the model cannot predict detailed change but it does reproduce the main pattern of sediment movement in which successive phases of aggradation and degradation progress downstream. Peak storage is predicted in that part of the river where braiding and anastomosis are best developed. Aggradation was most rapid in the upper reaches close to major supply points, becoming slower and later with distance downstream. Channel width increased by up to 300 per cent where the valley floor was broad and braiding became relatively common. Bridges had frequently to be replaced. While bed levels were still rising in lower reaches, degradation began in upper ones, notably after 1950, and by 1984 had progressed downriver over 30 km. Rates of incision reached 0·5 m yr?1, especially in the early 1970s when record high flows occurred. As a result of degradation the bed material became gravelly through either reexposure of the original bed or lag concentration of coarser fractions. Also a narrower unbraided channel has developed. The river is beginning to heal itself and upper reaches now have reasonably stable beds but at least another 50 years will be required for the river to cleanse its channel of mining debris. 相似文献
102.
周忠谟 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》1986,(3)
本文从地面三角网和卫星同联合平差的原理出发,讨论了对卫星网的最低精度要求。指出,为改善地面三角网而布设卫星网时,卫星观测站的最低精度主要决定于以下因素: ——地面三角网的精度; ——对地面三角网精度改善程度的要求; 一卫星观测站之间的距离。这里通过模拟计算对卫星网的最低精度要求与上列因素之间的关系作了数字分析,并建立了估算卫星网最低精度的数学模型。预期,在一般情况下,该模型的估算误差将不会超过10%。 相似文献
103.
滇西试验场重力潮汐观测及其地震响应特征的研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文使用Nakai预处理、Venedikov调和分析和滑动滤波等方法,对滇西地震实验场下关台GS15-227重力仪1987-1992年 观测资料进行了系统分析,,确定了该地区最佳重力潮汐参数及潮汐和非潮汐动态变化背景,并对观察期间的6个震例进行清理,分析了重力异常变化与地震的关系,获得了该地区重力潮汐和非潮汐信息的地震响应特征。 相似文献
104.
Yoichiro Fujii 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1995,144(1):19-37
In order to study characteristics of horizontal crustal strains, we divide the Japanese Islands into 14 tectonic provinces
consistent with the suggestion given byMatsuda (1990). We calculate frequency distribution of strain rates using the results of the Precise Control Survey initiated by
the Geographical Survey Institute in 1973. This survey is a revision of old first- and second-order triangulation networks
by trilateration. The principal axes and principal strains inside all the geodetic triangles are deduced from the comparison
of the old triangulation and the new trilateration networks. The maximum shear strain rates are calculated by dividing the
accumulated strains with the time intervals. The frequency distribution of strain rates is counted for each tectonic province
and for the entire Japanese Islands.
It is proved that the maximum shear strain rate with highest frequency ranges from 0.10–0.15 microstrain/a for 4409 data in
the Japanese Islands. The mean value of the strain rates throughout the Japanese Islands is deduced to be 0.18 microstrain/a.
We also calculated a mean value of strain rates for each tectonic province. Comparison is made between mean geodetic strain
rates in the provinces and Quaternary strain rates estimated by geomorphic data. It is found that 0.3–0.4 microstrain/a of
the highest order strain rate is now prevailing in the Izu province, the south Fossa-Magna collision zone, and some special
provinces along the eastern part of the Japan Sea coast. 相似文献
105.
106.
107.
在概述全省站网现状基础上,分析了站网优化调整的主要原因,提出了如何优化调整的总体思路和基本构想,进一步明确强调在水文站网优化调整中需要坚持和把握的原则和方法。 相似文献
108.
新时期农村产业结构优化调整研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
通过在农村长期的工作实践和对农村经济发展的考察,依据当前国内外发展对农村产业经济发展的要求,分析研究我国和河南省农村产业结构的发展现状和动态变化,提出农村产业结构调整的指导思想、原则及目标,据此,从农村产业结构调整、农业产业结构调整和种植业结构调整3个层次,研究提出农村产业结构调整的基本思路和方向,为有关部门决策农村经济发展提供科学依据. 相似文献
109.
110.
This study is concerned with the influence of the glacial-isostatic adjustment caused by the last Pleistocene deglaciation
on the present-day sea level. The viscoelastic deformation caused by the time-variable ice and ocean loads is simulated by
computing the resulting perturbations for a spherical, self-gravitating, incompressible, Maxwell-viscoelastic earth model.
The associated variation of the earth rotation is described in terms of the Liouville equation, which is solved by means of
the MacCullagh formulae. This allows the determination of the vertical displacement and geoid height and, thus, the solution
of the sea-level equation. We test several viscosity and ice models and evaluate them by comparison of the computed response
with the Holocene relative sea-level record. Using the optimum combination of viscosity and ice models, we then estimate the
influence of the last Pleistocene deglaciation on the tide-gauge measurements. A comparison between the observational and
residual linear trends for the tide-gauge measurements shows a significant reduction of the variance and geographical variability
for the latter, in particular for the formerly ice-covered regions of North America and Scandinavia. The favoured value determined
for the global mean sea-level rise is (1.46±0.2) mm a−1. 相似文献