Load characteristics of steel and concrete tubular members under jet fire: An experimental and numerical study

The aim of this study was to evaluate the load characteristics of steel and concrete tubular members under jet fire, with the motivation to investigate the jet fire load characteristics in FPSO topsides. This paper is part of Phase II of the joint industry project on explosion and fire engineering of FPSOs (EFEF JIP) ( [Paik and Czujko, 2009] and [Paik, 2010]). To obtain reliable load values, jet fire tests were carried out in parallel with a numerical study. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was used to set up an adiabatic wall boundary condition for the jet fire to model the heat transfer mechanism. A concrete tubular member was tested under the assumption that there is no conduction effect from jet fire. A steel tubular member was tested and considered to transfer heat through conduction, convection, and radiation. The temperature distribution, or heat load, was analyzed at specific locations on each type of member. ANSYS CFX, (2008) and KFX, 2007 codes were used to obtain similar fire action in the numerical and experimental methods. The results of this study will provide a useful database to determine design values related to jet fire.     

Site characterisation of a basin-scale CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> geological storage system: Gippsland Basin,southeast Australia

Geological storage of CO₂ in the offshore Gippsland Basin, Australia, is being investigated by the Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies (CO2CRC) as a possible method for storing the very large volumes of CO₂ emissions from the nearby Latrobe Valley area. A storage capacity of about 50 million tonnes of CO₂ per annum for a 40-year injection period is required, which will necessitate several individual storage sites to be used both sequentially and simultaneously, but timed such that existing hydrocarbon assets will not be compromised. Detailed characterisation focussed on the Kingfish Field area as the first site to be potentially used, in the anticipation that this oil field will be depleted within the period 2015–2025. The potential injection targets are the interbedded sandstones of the Paleocene-Eocene upper Latrobe Group, regionally sealed by the Lakes Entrance Formation. The research identified several features to the offshore Gippsland Basin that make it particularly favourable for CO₂ storage. These include: a complex stratigraphic architecture that provides baffles which slow vertical migration and increase residual gas trapping and dissolution; non-reactive reservoir units that have high injectivity; a thin, suitably reactive, lower permeability marginal reservoir just below the regional seal providing mineral trapping; several depleted oil fields that provide storage capacity coupled with a transient production-induced flow regime that enhances containment; and long migration pathways beneath a competent regional seal. This study has shown that the Gippsland Basin has sufficient capacity to store very large volumes of CO₂. It may provide a solution to the problem of substantially reducing greenhouse gas emissions from future coal developments in the Latrobe Valley.     

香港九龙大坑东地下蓄水方案数值研究

香港九龙大坑东地下蓄水方案(Tai Hang Tung Storage Scheme-THTSS)是香港西九龙渠道改善二期计划的一个重要组成部分,其目标是解决香港九龙繁华拥挤、人口稠密的商业中心旺角一带的洪水淹没问题。THTSS即是在经常洪水淹没区域(大坑东和界限街水渠交接处)上游足球场下面建立一个100 000 m3的地下蓄水池。本文建立了一个能处理明渠缓流和急流、封闭管道有压流、侧流堰和渠道汇合处过渡流于一体的一维水力数学模型,用1:22正态物理模型恒定流下的结果进行验证。数值模型计算了在50年一遇暴雨下,非恒定洪水在不同的侧流堰方案下的流动过程。结合物理模型试验结果,选择最佳的地下蓄水方案。计算结果表明,大坑东地下蓄水方案确实能加强旺角地区地洪水控制能力,并能通过50年一遇暴雨的洪水。     

四川盆地三叠系地下卤水储层特征及其富集的控制作用

四川盆地三叠系地下卤水分布广泛,品质优良,是我国开采利用最早,工业价值最高的卤水资源。研究表明,地下卤水储层为低孔隙低渗透致密岩石,不利于卤水的运聚,而后期构造形成的断裂和裂缝控制了卤水的富集作用。     

Investigation of discharge and groundwater contamination characteristics around the Karasu Spring, Muş Area, Turkey

The study area is 35 km east of the city center of Mu, Turkey. The rock units in the area include Paleozoic Bitlis Metamorphites, Cenozoic flysch and Solhan Volcanities and Pliocene formations. A long-term discharge change was monitored in the Karasu spring. The amount of water discharged by the spring during June 3 and October 11, 2002 was 7.18×10⁶ m³ while its storage capacity during May 26 and November 11, 2002 was 4.42×10⁶ m³.NH₄ – N, NO₂ – N, NO₃ – N, total PO₄ – P, SO₄ and total organic carbon (TOC) contamination were determined in the recharge area of the spring and other well and spring waters in the vicinity. NH₄ – N, NO₂ – N, NO₃ – N, total PO₄ – P, SO₄ and total organic carbon contamination around the Budak, ivbai, Gölbai, Sazlikbai and Altinova villages are well above the drinking water standards of the Turkish Standard Institute (TSE) and World Health Organization (WHO) (1984). Similarly, water samples of K₄, K₅ and K₆ branches of the Karasu spring and S₁, S₂, S₃ and S₄ points in the swamp area yielded concentrations much more than limit values.     

成果地质资料电子文档的汇交与保管

通过对成果地质资料电子文档在验收、汇交、保管全过程中的载体、文档内容、文档整理、归档与保管等核心问题探讨,总结上述过程中容易出现的问题。根据近几年我局工作经验,提出了相应的解决办法及应对措施。     

2005—2017年两次强ENSO事件对中国区域陆地水储量变化影响的卫星重力观测

近年来极端气候事件的频发对全球和区域性水循环产生了重大影响,特别是2005—2017年间两次强ENSO(El Nino-Southern Oscillation)事件使得全球陆地水储量出现了较大的年际波动.GRACE(Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment)重力卫星随着数据质量的提高、后处理方法的完善和超过十年的连续观测,捕捉陆地水储量异常的能力明显提高,这为研究2005—2017年间两次强ENSO事件对中国区域陆地水储量变化的影响提供了观测基础.本文综合利用GRACE卫星重力数据、GLDAS水文模型和实测降水资料分析了中国区域陆地水储量年际变化和与ENSO的关系.研究发现:长江流域中、下游地区和东南诸河流域与ENSO存在较高的相关性,与ENSO的相关系数最大值分别为0.55、0.78、0.70,较ENSO分别滞后约7个月、5个月和5个月.其中长江流域下游地区与ENSO的相关性最强,2010/11 La Nina和2015/16 El Nino两次强ENSO事件使得陆地水储量分别发生了约-24.1亿吨和27.9亿吨的波动.在2010/11 La Nina期间,长江流域下游地区和东南诸河流域陆地水储量异常约在2011年4—5月达到谷值,而长江流域中游地区晚1~2月达到谷值.在2015/16 El Nino期间,长江流域中、下游地区和东南诸河流域陆地水储量从2015年9月到2016年7月持续出现正异常信号.其中,2015年秋冬季(2015年9月至2016年1月)陆地水储量异常明显是受此次El Nino同期影响的结果;2016年春季(4—5月)陆地水异常是受到此次厄尔尼诺峰值的滞后影响所致;2016年7月的陆地水储量异常则与西北太平洋存在的异常反气旋环流有关.     

Consequences of a simulated rapid ocean acidification event for benthic ecosystem processes and functions

Whilst the biological consequences of long-term, gradual changes in acidity associated with the oceanic uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) are increasingly studied, the potential effects of rapid acidification associated with a failure of sub-seabed carbon storage infrastructure have received less attention. This study investigates the effects of severe short-term (8 days) exposure to acidified seawater on infaunal mediation of ecosystem processes (bioirrigation and sediment particle redistribution) and functioning (nutrient concentrations). Following acidification, individuals of Amphiura filiformis exhibited emergent behaviour typical of a stress response, which resulted in altered bioturbation, but limited changes in nutrient cycling. Under acidified conditions, A. filiformis moved to shallower depths within the sediment and the variability in occupancy depth reduced considerably. This study indicated that rapid acidification events may not be lethal to benthic invertebrates, but may result in behavioural changes that could have longer-term implications for species survival, ecosystem structure and functioning.     

十三陵抽水蓄能电站上池西外坡岩体稳定分析

上池西外坡岩体稳定是十三陵抽水蓄能电站主要的地质工程问题之一,由于受到倾向池外的数条缓倾角断层以及不良的岩体结构控制,存在着滑动位移、变形失稳的可能性,电站的安全运行受到潜在的威胁。因此对西外坡岩体进行稳定分析,并进行补强处理是必要的。     

环氧乙烷储运系统环境风险预测与预防措施

以某化工厂环氧乙烷储运系统发生环境风险事故为例,通过风险识别和源项分析,利用有关技术导则中推荐的模式对发生环境风险事故的后果进行预测,得出环氧乙烷储运系统发生泄漏或爆炸时可能造成轻伤、重伤及死亡影响范围的预测结果;同时从风险防范措施和应急预案两方面对环氧乙烷储运系统提出了防范措施,主要包括环氧乙烷的应急处理措施、围堰及事故池的设置、其他风险防范措施要求、运输风险防范措施和环境风险事故应急预案。通过采取以上防范措施,不仅可以最大程度地降低环氧乙烷储运系统环境风险事故发生的概率,而且可以将环境风险事故发生后对环境可能造成的不良影响降至最低。