电气石的偏振拉曼光谱研究

电气石达到宝石级称碧玺。通过电气石偏振拉曼光谱的实验研究,表明随电气石含铁量增高电气石中Ｓｉ－Ｏ伸缩振动峰发生分裂,峰形变大。不同成因的电气石晶体中（ＯＨ）－离子占位不同,变质岩型、矽卡岩型电气石中（ＯＨ）－只有一个有序占位,而伟晶岩型和热液型矿床中电气石（ＯＨ）－离子则有两个无序占位     

云闪放电通道发展及其辐射特征

利用闪电宽带干涉仪系统,对中国南方(广东)地区云闪时空演变特征、辐射及其相应电场变化特征进行分析研究。根据云闪电场变化波形,云闪放电过程可划分成活跃阶段和最后阶段,辐射源定位结果表明,云闪放电起始于向上发展的负击穿过程,通道向上发展的速度约为3～3.3×105m·s-1。云闪放电的主通道在活跃阶段形成,该期间辐射源随时间演变和相应电场变化表明,云内电荷结构具有上正下负的偶极性电荷结构。云闪的最后阶段辐射源主要在早期形成的通道内出现,其辐射源活动特征与地闪的回击过程比较相似;云闪辐射能量主要集中在2～3MHz以下的低频段,且辐射强度随频率增加迅速减弱。     

测井曲线Milankovitch周期分析与应用

利用沿井剖面滑动时窗内的ＦＦＴ和最大熵谱估计算法,选择合适的滤波器、窗长和步长,从测井曲线中分析出了Ｍｉｌａｎｋｏｖｉｔｃｈ周期．研究了波长比,谱峰等特征与周期的关系,确定出沉积速率的渐变与突变,求出了沉积速率,经分析,与岩性结果相符合．     

Turbulence Spectra And Dissipation Rates Above And Within A Forest Canopy

Three velocity componentsand temperature were measured usingthree-dimensional sonic anemometers/thermometers attwo levels, above and within a forest canopy, in theChangbai Mountains of northeast China. Turbulencespectral structure, local isotropy anddissipation rates above and within the forest canopywere calculated using the eddy correlation method.Results show that the normalized turbulent spectralcurves have -2/3 slopes in the inertial subrange.While the shapes of the spectra are in good agreementwith the Kansas flat terrain results, the atmosphericturbulence is anisotropic above the forest canopy. Dueto breaking down of large eddies by the foliage,branches and trunks, the spectral peak frequencies forvelocity and temperature are higher withinthan above the forest canopy. Compared withmeasurements from previous studies over flat terrain,the velocity and temperature spectra above andinside the forest canopy appear to shift toward higherfrequencies. The turbulence is approximately isotropicin the inertial subrange within the forest canopy, and isanisotropic above the forest canopy. The turbulentkinetic energy and heat energy dissipation rates aboveand inside the forest canopy are much larger thanthose obtained by Kaimal and Hogstrom over grasslandand grazing land. The distinct features in the resultsof the present experiment may be attributed to thedynamic forcing caused by the rough surface of the forestcanopy.     

基于地物光谱的赤潮优势种识别研究

利用2001年获取的不同优势种赤潮水体的现场光谱数据，处理得到了不同优势种赤潮水体的遥感反射率光谱曲线；在此基础上，发展了基于光谱角度制图法(Spectral Angle Mapping，SAM)和互相关光谱匹配法(Cross Correlogram Spectral Mapping，CCSM)的赤潮优势种识别算法。数据实验结果表明，上述两种方法对于实现基于光谱数据的赤潮优势种识别是基本有效的，且CCSM方法的识别结果略优于SAM方法。进一步提高上述方法的适用性在于大量获取不同优势种赤潮的光谱数据并建立赤潮光谱数据库。     

Microstructure measurements in natural waters: Methodology and applications

Modern approaches to microstructure data processing, including wavelet denoising, are discussed. The wavelet procedure is applied to small-scale shear signals before estimating the dissipation rate ε and to the temperature/density profiles used to calculate Thorpe scales. Microstructure data obtained on the Mediterranean shelf of Catalonia are used to illustrate various approaches to the Thorpe displacement calculations. It is suggested that the Weibull probability function is an appropriate model for the Thorpe scale distribution. Microstructure measurements from the upper layer of the Boadella reservoir (Catalonia, Spain) support this finding.A new analytical approximation for the 1D Panchev–Kesich spectrum is deduced and the results of ε computation are compared with spectral fitting by the widely used Nasmyth spectrum. Applying the Kraichnan spectral model to compute ε from temperature spectra in the convective-viscous sub-range is examined as an alternative to the Batchelor spectrum. Microstructure measurements taken in Lake Banyoles (Catalonia, Spain) and in the North Atlantic were used for spectral calculations.Statistical analysis of eddy K_b and thermal K_θ diffusivities measured on a shallow shelf of the Black Sea shows the importance of process-orientated domain averaging of the diffusivities in obtaining good correspondence between K_b and K_θ in active turbulent regions. In weakly turbulent, stratified interior layers, the averaged K_b and K_θ differ significantly, which may point to the inapplicability of isotropic formulae used for ε and temperature dissipation χ_θ estimates, as well as to a dependence of the mixing efficiency γ on the Richardson number or in some cases on regions of fossil turbulence.     

Sonic anemometers in aeolian sediment transport research

Fast-response wind and turbulence instruments, including sonic anemometers, are used more and more in aeolian sediment transport research. These instruments give information on mean wind, but also on fluctuations and turbulent statistics, such as the uw covariance, which is a direct measure of Reynolds' stress (RS) and friction velocity. This paper discusses the interpretation of sonic anemometer data, the transformations needed to get proper results and turbulence spectra, and how they are influenced by instrument size, sampling frequency, and measurement height.Turbulence spectra characterize how much the different frequencies in the turbulent signals contribute to the variance of wind speed, or to the covariance of horizontal and vertical wind speed. They are important in determining the measurement strategy when working with fast-response instruments, such as sonic anemometers, and are useful for interpreting the measurement results. Choices on the type of sonic anemometer, observation height, sampling period, sampling frequency, and filtering can be made on the basis of expected high and low-frequency losses in turbulent signals, which are affected by those variables, as well as wind speed and atmospheric stability.Friction velocity and RS, important variables in aeolian sediment transport research, are very sensitive to tilt or slope errors. During a field experiment, the slope sensitivity of the RS was established as 9% per degree of slope, which is 1.5 times the value reported in literature on the basis of theoretical considerations. An important reason for the difference probably is the large influence of streamline curvature on turbulence statistics and thereby on the slope sensitivity of the RS. An error of 9% per degree of slope in the RS will translate into an error of approximately 4% per degree of slope in the calculated friction velocity.Space–time correlation of the horizontal wind speed is much larger than that of the vertical wind speed and the instantaneous RS. This largely explains why, in previous studies, a poor correlation was found between instantaneous RS measured at 3 m height and saltation flux near the surface, whereas the correlation between wind speed at some height and saltation flux was much better. Therefore, the poor correlation between RS away from the surface and saltation flux does not contradict that saltation flux is caused by RS.     

长白山天池火山地震类型及火山活动性的初步研究

2002年以来，长白山天池火山区出现了地震活动增强、地形变加剧和多种地球化学异常等现象，火山口附近发生的多次有感地震在社会上产生了较大影响。本文利用2002年以来的流动地震观测资料，采用频谱分析、时频分析和多台站资料对比的方法，对火山区地震事件的类型进行了分析；对火山活动的危险性进行了初步研究。结果表明，目前天池火山区出现的大量地震活动仍然属于火山构造地震，少量台站地震记录中表现出的低频特征主要是由于局部介质影响造成的，排除了长周期地震引起的可能。尽管长白山天池火山地震活动明最增强，震群活动较为频繁，但仍属于岩浆活动的早期阶段，短期内发生火山喷发的危险性较小。     

基于光谱分解的Clementine UV/VIS/NIR数据月表矿物填图

月表主要矿物的空间分布是研究月球起源演化等科学问题的重要基础信息之一。基于Hapke模型与光谱线性分解的矿物提取方法,利用Clementine UV/VIS/NIR数据提取月表单斜辉石、斜方辉石、橄榄石、斜长石及钛铁矿等5类主要矿物的体积百分含量分布,并基于阿波罗（Apollo）月岩（壤）矿物分析数据对提取结果进行评价,对方法和提取结果中存在的问题进行分析,提出了进一步改进的措施。