‘The magical operations of separation’: English elite schools’ on-line geographies,internationalisation and functional isolation

This paper examines the enduring separation and isolation of elite schools in England, in the face of increasing and substantial internationalisation. It presents the findings of a research project examining the geographical narratives produced by 30 elite schools on their websites and through their prospectuses, newsletters, blogs and twitter feeds. A critical visual and textual analysis was undertaken. Drawing on these data, the paper argues that elite schools remain highly focused on promoting and defending their separateness and isolation, despite extensive, documented international involvements. Work on institutional and carceral geographies and geographies of education have provided some theoretical justification for why this might be the case, and we explore these reasons here. The paper concludes with a plea for more work on the elite schooling sector in England, as their spatial practices (isolation and internationalisation) continue to have a weighty bearing upon society.     

Experimenting with spaces of encounter: Creative interventions to develop meaningful contact

To-date geographical research on encounters has primarily comprised observation of naturalistic settings (both micro publics and everyday public spaces) or narrative accounts of encounters generated by conventional methods, this paper focuses on a contrived spatial experiment to create meaningful contact across difference. Inspired by, and drawing on insights from, Architecture – a discipline relatively neglected by geographers in recent times – we use a creative form of spatial play to stimulate groups of people to explore their differences and to develop shared understandings. Whereas previous studies have identified the importance of material objects in art projects and home spaces in mediating relations between people, surprisingly little attention has been paid to the physical configuration of space in work on encounters, despite the fact that geography is a spatial discipline. Here, we engage directly with the role of the form and function of space. Our spatial experiments demonstrate how paying attention to the materiality of micro-spaces rather than social relations alone, can provide insights into the generation of positive interactions by contributing to a greater understanding of how meaningful encounters happen, and what can be done to facilitate them. Specifically, by exploring the size and configuration of space, issues of ownership and surveillance, the relationship between primary and secondary space, and aural architecture this research identifies how working together to create a shared private or intimate space – might facilitate a sense of empowerment and the production of social relations characterised by democracy and inclusion.     

近40年来塔什干低涡活动特征的统计分析

利用1971-2010年NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料,根据塔什干低涡定义,分析了塔什干低涡的时空分布特征、移动路径及其对南疆天气的影响.结果表明:(1)1971-2010年,塔什干低涡过程平均每年出现7.95次,成熟期生命史平均为3.1天,4天以上的仅有13.5％; (2)4-6月和9-10月是塔什干低涡活动的两个高峰期,其中5月出现次数最多,其次是10月和6月;(3)塔什干低涡频次的年代际变化呈抛物线型,1970-1980年代由78次增加到83次,之后逐渐减少,年低涡频次存在7年左右的显著振荡周期,同时具有1 3年的次振荡周期;(4)塔什干低涡活动有两个高频中心,分别位于67.5°E,40.0°N和72.5°E,35.0°N,移动路径以偏东方向为主,占84％,西退塔什干低涡仅有5.7％;造成南疆显著降水天气的塔什干低涡占其总数的23.3％,夏季此类低涡所占比例最高,达41.2％.     

基于灰区间真值的群体决策方法及应用

研究了灰区间偏好的群体决策问题.在专家灰区间偏好群体意见集结过程中,常规的灰区间运算会产生决策信息的失真.为了避免这一缺陷,首先引入了灰区间调节参数的概念,通过建立求解调节参数的二次规划模型,确定专家灰区间判断的真值.建立了专家客观权重求解的二次规划模型,并给出了专家客观权重的最优解.此外,从另外一个角度同时考虑调节参数与客观权重,建立求解灰区间真值与专家客观权重的群体最优决策模型.气象敏感性行业专家群体评估决策的算例表明,决策策略是有效的.     

A CER discounting scheme could save climate change regime after 2012

We can generate a net global GHG emission reduction from developing countries (in an UNFCCC term, non-Annex 1 Parties) without imposing targets on them, if we discount CERs generated from CDM projects. The CER discounting scheme means that a part or all of CDM credits, i.e., CERs, made by developing countries through unilateral CDM projects will be retired rather than sold to developed countries to increase their emissions. It is not feasible to impose certain forms of target (whether sectoral or intensity targets) on non-Annex 1 whose emission trend is hard to predict and whose industrial structure is undergoing a rapid change.

Instead of imposing targets (a command and control approach), we should apply market instruments in generating a net global emission reduction from non-Annex 1. Since April 2005 when the first unilateral CDM was approved by the CDM Executive Board, CDM has been functioning as a market mechanism to provide incentives for developing countries to initiate their own emission reduction projects. As CDM is the only market mechanism engaging developing countries in the Kyoto Protocol, we should try to re-design CDM so that it can generate net global emission reductions by introducing the idea of discounting CERs. But in order to produce meaningful GHG emission reductions by discounting CERs, the project scope of CDM has to be expanded by relaxing project additionality criteria while maintaining strict technical additionality criteria. Agreeing on the CERs Discounting Scheme will have a better political chance than agreeing on imposing emission reduction targets on developing countries.     

1961-2009年新疆伊犁地区暴雨日数时空变化特征

根据1961-2009年伊犁地区10个自动站逐日降水资料,采用线性趋势、累积距平、M-K 突变检验、以及周期分析等方法,分析近 49 a暴雨日数的年代际、年际、月、旬、空间的变化规律及其周期变化,并对该地区近 49 a暴雨日数进行突变检验。结果表明：近49 a来伊犁地区的暴雨日数呈上升趋势,其线性倾向率为0.107 d/10 a;暴雨主要发生在5-7月,约占总数的73.2 %,其中6月最多,7月次之;暴雨异常偏少年为1995年,暴雨异常偏多年为1996、1999、2002、2003和2007年;暴雨日数由西向东、由北向南均呈逐渐增加趋势;暴雨日数发生频次存在显著2.8 a左右年际变化周期。     

空间数据自动化建库工具研究

空间数据库的建设速度和成本是影响GIS应用的重要因素。目前空间数据建库存在软件通用性差、建库过程操作复杂、人工干预多、建库效率低等问题。本文针对建库中存在的问题，研究并提出了基于可视化建模思想的空间数据库自动化建库技术，有助于大幅度降低建库复杂性及建库成本，提高效率。     

协调决策表的规则提取

对数据的性质、数据之间的关系进行了讨论，并由此对决策表进行了分类。研究了协调决策表所需要的必要的数据个数，这对数据采集有着实际的指导意义和经济意义。讨论了协调决策表的数据约简，并证明其不影响进一步的属性约简和规则提取。基于数据的协调性，对协调决策表的属性约简进行了研究，并提出了一种规则提取方法。最后，用实例验证了该方法的有效性。     

水资源优化配置决策支持系统中的软件集成方法

根据水资源优化配置决策支持系统的开发实践，分析了多平台软件的集成问题，给出了多平台软件集成中用户数据及控制信息的相互传递方法。     

响应矩阵技术在唐马试验场地下水管理中的应用

响应矩阵技术是解决地下水管理问题的方法之一,它是通过表征系统结构特征的单位脉冲响应函数来求得由抽水产生的水位分布,并以此作为线性规划的约束条件建立地下水系统的水动力管理模型。本文造过对唐马试验场水文地质条件的分析,建立数学模型并将其分解和离散,对渗流区内各井点作用一单位脉冲来形成响应矩阵,建立水动力管理模型和水位预报方程,对本区未来地下水开采进行优化决策。