Regional‐scale sedimentation process models from airborne gamma ray remote sensing and digital elevation data

Airborne gamma ray survey data were used to provide information on potassium, thorium and uranium concentrations in surface soil and rock in arid central Australia. Spatial patterns in these radioelements allow tracing of paths of sediment at catchment scale. Survey elevation data are combined with contour data to produce digital elevation models for terrain analysis, tracing of sediment flow paths and modelling of extreme floods. Gamma ray data show consistent variation with slope, a limited range of drainage areas, and erosion/deposition models derived from the conservation of mass equation. Supply‐limited sediment transport models give a reasonable reproduction of observed radioelement distribution but some elements of the distribution pattern reflect the area inundated by 500–1000 year floods rather than the effects of simple downslope movement. Partial area sediment supply models are derived by downstream accumulation of erosion and deposition rates calculated using the conservation of mass equation with transport laws based on slope alone and stream power. Comparison with observed radioelement patterns suggests that both transport laws apply in different parts of the landscape. Regional‐scale sediment transport models will require a range of models depending on location in the landscape and event frequency. This approach may allow estimation of sediment delivery ratios. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

无网格局部Petrov-Galerkin法大地电磁场二维正演模拟

有限差分法和有限单元法在大地电磁场数值模拟中已经得到了广泛的应用,但其数值结果的精度在很大程度上依赖于网格的离散程度.当模拟起伏地形、弯曲界面等复杂地电模型大地电磁场响应时,常常需要花费大量的时间以便得到较合理的离散网格.无网格局部Petrov-Galerkin法(MLPG)不同于有限差分法和有限元法,其形函数和权函数脱离了网格的束缚.本文详细推导了二维大地电磁场边值问题的弱式形式,并将其离散为局部积分域内的表达形式.通过模拟二维海洋地电模型大地电磁场响应,并与结构网格有限元结果进行对比,验证了本文算法和程序的正确性及精度.设计了一个含有弯曲界面的二维地电模型,讨论了不同离散网格对MLPG无网格法模拟结果的影响,并与结构有限元法结果进行了比较,结果表明MLPG无网格法模拟结果受离散网格影响较小.最后利用MLPG无网格法计算了两个海洋起伏地形模型的大地电磁响应,讨论了海底起伏地形对大地电磁响应的影响.     

基于开源数据和条件生成对抗网络的地形重建方法

如何使用少量的地形特征复原地形地貌一直为地学领域的难题。本文使用开源数据集提取地形特征要素,使用地形特征要素作为约束条件构建了用于生成DEM的条件生成对抗网络(Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks, CGAN),设计了基于开源DEM、开源DEM与遥感影像组合、以及5m高精度DEM提取地形特征要素生成DEM的对比实验,并对结果进行视觉效果、相关性分析以及地形因子的对比与评价。结果表明:(1)在视觉效果上,3种不同方式生成的DEM在视觉效果上均十分逼近原始5 m DEM,都远好于传统插值方法生成DEM,基于开源12.5m DEM提取要素和1m遥感影像的重建效果最接近于原始5 m DEM;(2)在相关性上,三种不同方式生成的DEM与原始5m DEM相关性均能达到0.75以上,组合开源数据提取要素重建DEM与原始5 m DEM相关性可达到0.85以上;(3)在地形因子方面,基于开源12.5 m DEM和1 m遥感影像提取要素重建DEM的坡度和坡向的分布趋势与原始5 m DEM最为一致。本文为高精度DEM建模提供了新的思路,在高精度DEM难以获取...     

基于Skyline视频监控系统研究

视频监控系统能够实时获取监控范围的影像,发现被监控目标的即时状态。2维GIS与视频监控的集成逐步走向成熟,但在可视化效果方面远不如3维GIS。因此,结合Skyline软件中的Video On Terrain技术提出了一种3维地面影像视频监控新方案,并设计了地面影像视频监控系统的软硬件框架,分析了音视频编码传输原理和视频控制机制,总结归纳了地面影像视频监控系统的关键技术要求,最后实现了3维地面影像视频监控原型系统。     

基于ENVI的三维地形制作

运用ENVI图像处理软件,将经过镶嵌、校正、裁剪、摄影拉伸增强处理的四川省泸定县ETM＋遥感影像与用ANUDEM方法生成的格网DEM配准叠合,制作了三维虚拟地形及可视化飞行动画,详细介绍了制作过程中具体参数的设置和对三维地形的控制,为用户使用ENVI软件构建三维虚拟场景提供参考。     

星载SAR地形辐射校正模型及其效果评价

根据合成孔径雷达(SAR)严格成像几何模型和辐射定标公式建立了地形辐射校正(TRC)模型。通过实验,从定性和定量两个方面评价了TRC模型的有效性。比较了基于投影角和基于当地入射角两种计算有效散射单元面积的方法,对根据初始定位模型计算有效散射单元面积的合理性进行了分析。     

基于GPU的地形可视化加速算法研究

地形可视化是利用数字高程模型DEM,采用计算机图形学和图像处理技术进行三维地形模拟显示。该技术在深部矿产预测、矿产资源评价、虚拟现实、娱乐游戏、飞行模拟等诸多领域有着广泛的应用。随着数据量的增大,三维地形可视化的实时、流畅视觉效果受到当前的计算机硬件技术水平限制。针对这一问题,本文运用ROAM算法进行地形建模,利用GPU高速并行运算性能加速地形可视化建模速度,加速模型显示效果。实验对比表明:当计算量比较小时,加速效果不显著;随着计算量的增大,计算效果越来越明显;当计算量达到一定值时,加速效果达到一个稳定的加速趋势。研究结果为地形可视化及矿产资源评价等类似工作提供了原创性可视化技术支撑。     

Use of terrestrial photogrammetry for monitoring and measuring bank erosion

This paper examines the use of terrestrial photogrammetry as a technique for measuring bank erosion in a rapidly changing fluvial environment. It has been recognized that there are a number of advantages when applying photogrammetric techniques to geomorphological situations. In this study the enhancement of spatial sampling combined with the ability to capture additional information, such as soil moisture, on film, is of particular importance in enabling the identification of specific processes involved in bank erosion as well as detailed volumetric analysis of losses. Metric terrestrial photography was taken of the river bank on several dates, and data were abstracted by the use of analytical photogrammetry. This enabled the generation of digital terrain models from which morphological and volumetric changes could be assessed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于ASTER GDEM的河南西部伏牛山区断裂构造特征解译

采用ASTER GDEM数据及LANDSAT影像,运用GIS地形分析技术,通过山体阴影提取、坡度、坡向、水系走向、夷平面以及三维可视化等分析方法,对河南西部伏牛山地区的断裂构造特征及力学性质进行提取和分析,验证并总结了DEM与遥感、GIS相结合的手段对断裂构造解译的可靠性。     

Investigating hydrogeomorphic floodplain mapping performance with varying DTM resolution and stream order

Hydrogeomorphic models allow parsimonious, fast and effective floodplain extent mapping using topographic data as the main input. Hydrogeomorphic approaches enforce the principle that floodplains are well-distinguished and unique landscape features within river corridors. We investigated the sensitivity of a hydrogeomorphic floodplain delineation algorithm, based on a hydrological power law, relating flow depth to contributing area, digital terrain model (DTM) resolution and river network hierarchy. In addition, we compared the results to other common floodplain mapping methods using standard flood-hazard maps as a reference. Taking the Arno River Basin, Italy, as a case study, our results show a dependency between the optimal power law parameters and DTM resolution, with larger parameter values required to reach optimal consistency with flood-hazard maps as DTM resolution increased. Floodplain mapping performance was also found to depend on stream order. We further tested the model consistency at a larger scale to evaluate its performance with respect to inundation maps in Hungary, Italy, Spain and the UK. Our study suggests that pre-defined power law parameters can be assumed, considering DTM resolution and stream order, supporting the use of the presented hydrogeomorphic model for large-scale floodplain mapping in ungauged basins where reference flood-hazard maps are not available.