温度对金红色大鳞副泥鳅(Paramisgurnus dabryanus)孵化、仔鱼活力和性别分化的影响

以大鳞副泥鳅(Paramisgurnus dabryanus)新品系“赣红1号”为对象,探究了不同温度(20,23,26,29,32℃)对其受精卵孵化、仔鱼活力和性别分化的影响。结果显示,当温度在20~32℃范围内时,培育周期和孵化周期与温度均呈负相关关系,均随着温度的升高而缩短。培育周期在各温度组间差异显著(P<0.05),孵化周期在29和32℃组间差异不显著,其余各组间均具有显著差异(P<0.05)。随着温度的升高,孵化率先升高后降低,26℃时孵化率达到最高;畸形率呈现与孵化率相反的趋势,26℃时畸形率最低,且显著低于20、29和32℃组(P<0.05);仔鱼的不投饵存活系数(SAI)随着温度的升高而逐渐降低,各组间差异显著(P<0.05),23℃时SAI值为59.77,最大可存活时间为15日龄;此外,雄性率随温度的升高而增加,高温可促进个体趋向雄性发育。研究发现“赣红1号”受精卵孵化、仔鱼活力和性别分化均受到温度的重要影响,结合生产实际和试验数据,其孵化和仔鱼培育的适宜温度应保持在23~26℃。     

广西沿岸海平面变化的关联维数研究

采用相空间重构和关联维数方法，研究了广西沿岸月平均海平面变化的分形特征，结果表明，相空间重构的延迟时间τ为3△t，当关联维数趋于饱和时，石头埠，北海和龙尾的相空间维数为7，而涠洲岛为9，它们的关联维数平均值平均值分别为6.6507,6.5414,6.7059.     

鲈鱼胆汁中芘及代谢产物含量与水体中芘含量的关系

运用GC—MS的方法和荧光分光光度法，研究鲈鱼分别暴露于0．1、1．0和10．0μg／dm^3质量浓度芘溶液中7d，水体中芘及其鲈鱼胆汁中芘和1-羟基芘含量的变化,实验结果显示：(1)鲈鱼对水体中的芘具有非常显著的去除作用。(2)随着芘暴露浓度的增大，鲈鱼对芘的代谢去除作用增强。(3)随着暴露时间的延长和芘暴露浓度的增大，胆汁的1-羟基芘浓度递增。(4)鲈鱼胆汁具有较高的芘浓度，对海水中的芘具有较强的富集作用。(5)鲈鱼胆汁的1-羟基芘及芘的浓度与水体芘浓度均具有很好的相关性，对于指示水体的芘污染程度具有一致性；可作为指示水体芘污染程度的生物标志物。     

SSA1—1型声学水位在长江口潮位站的应用

本文介绍了长江口区水文泥沙概况，举例说明了ＳＳＡ１－１型声水位计在崇头潮位站比测试验和投产应用情况，结果表明该水位计是收集长江口区潮位资料较理想的仪器。     

塘沽海区海底地形的SAR影像仿真与反演研究

利用袁业立、金梅兵(1997)提出的海底地形SAR影像仿真与反演模型，对渤海塘沽海区的一张Radarsat SAR影像进行了仿真和水深反演研究。研究结果表明：仿真影像与真实SAR影像基本吻合，反演水深与实际水深也有较好的一致性；进一步证实了袁业立(1997)SAR成像机理的正确性和在中国近海利用SAR影像进行浅海水深探测的可行性。     

Optimum Sample Size to Detect Perturbation Effects: The Importance of Statistical Power Analysis – A Critique

Abstract. The current article describes statistical power analysis as an efficient strategy for the estimation of the optimum sample size. The principle aim is constructively to criticise and enrich the results presented by Mouillot et al. (1999) , who estimate the optimum sample size for evaluating possible perturbations. The authors did not make any reference to statistical power analysis, even though their objective clearly went beyond a simple stock evaluation to assess management strategies in a particular marine ecosystem. Surprisingly, they proposed (a priori) an ANOVA design to test a hypothesis considering both space and temporal scales. However, the authors did not cover important topics related with power analysis and the precautionary principle, both used into environment impact assessment programmes for marine ecosystems. Based on their results and on statistical power analysis, it is demonstrated that the variability (dispersion statistics), a key factor they used to estimate the sample size, is less relevant than the magnitude of perturbation (effect size). Therefore, a greater effort must be devoted to estimate the effect size of a particular phenomenon rather than a desired variability.     

How are large western hemisphere warm pools formed?

During the boreal summer the Western Hemisphere warm pool (WHWP) stretches from the eastern North Pacific to the tropical North Atlantic and is a key feature of the climate of the Americas and Africa. In the summers following nine El Niño events during 1950–2000, there have been five instances of extraordinarily large warm pools averaging about twice the climatological annual size. These large warm pools have induced a strengthened divergent circulation aloft and have been associated with rainfall anomalies throughout the western hemisphere tropics and subtropics and with more frequent hurricanes. However, following four other El Niño events large warm pools did not develop, such that the mere existence of El Niño during the boreal winter does not provide the basis for predicting an anomalously large warm pool the following summer.In this paper, we find consistency with the hypothesis that large warm pools result from an anomalous divergent circulation forced by sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the Pacific, the so-called atmospheric bridge. We also find significant explanations for why large warm pools do not always develop. If the El Niño event ends early in the eastern Pacific, the Pacific warm anomaly lacks the persistence needed to force the atmospheric bridge and the Atlantic portion of the warm pool remains normal. If SST anomalies in the eastern Pacific do not last much beyond February of the following year, then the eastern North Pacific portion of the warm pool remains normal. The overall strength of the Pacific El Niño does not appear to be a critical factor. We also find that when conditions favor a developing atmospheric bridge and the winter atmosphere over the North Atlantic conforms to a negative North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) pattern (as in 1957–58 and 1968–69), the forcing is reinforced and the warm pool is stronger. On the other hand, if a positive NAO pattern develops the warm pool may remain normal even if other circumstances favor the atmospheric bridge, as in 1991–92. Finally, we could find little evidence that interactions internal to the tropical Atlantic are likely to mitigate for or against the formation of the largest warm pools, although they may affect smaller warm pool fluctuations or the warm pool persistence.     

Nonparametric Estimates of the Sea State Bias for the Jason-1 Radar Altimeter

The Jason-1 sea state bias (SSB) is analyzed in depth from the first year of GDR products. Compared to previous missions, this work benefits from two aspects of the empirical determination of the SSB from the altimetric data themselves. First, from a methodological point of view, a nonparametric technique (NP) has been developed and largely tested on TOPEX/Poseidon 1, GFO and Envisat data. The NP estimator has proven to be a useful tool in the SSB estimation, and it is now mature enough to be used for a refined analysis. On the other hand, the SSB can be extracted from three different data sets (crossovers, collinear data, and residuals) with different characteristics. It is then possible to cross calibrate various estimations of the SSB models and to determine the most accurate one. A systematic comparison is made between these different estimates for the Jason-1 altimeter. The collinear and crossover data sets yield very similar estimates despite their difference of spatial and temporal distributions. These SSB models assure consistency with the TOPEX mission when comparing Jason-1 and TOPEX residuals during the tandem phase. Thanks to the present work, the impact of the short wavelengths filtering on the SSB estimation is evidenced. More generally, our understanding of potential errors affecting the sea surface height and their impact onto the SSB estimation is also improved.     

Metabolites from mangrove endophytic fungus Dothiorella sp.

Mangroves are special woody plant communities in the intertidal zone of tropical and subtropical coasts. They prove to be a natural microorganisms and new metabolites storage. In the study of mangrove endophytic fungi metabolites, four new compounds, Compounds 1, 2, 3 and 4, as well as a known octaketide, cytosporone B (5), are isolated from an endophytic fungus, Dothiorella sp., HTF3. They all show cytotoxic activities. The elucidation of these structures is mainly based on 1D/2D NMR and ESI-MS spectral analyses.     

不同生长期坛紫菜多糖中组分含量的变化

于１９９０－１９９１年，运用＾１３Ｃ－ＮＭＲ和化学分析方法研究南方产和移植北方养殖的不同生长发育阶段坛紫菜多糖的组分变化，结果表明，随着藻体生长发育，坛紫菜琼胶中３，６－内醚－Ｌ－半乳糖和６－ＯＣＨ３－Ｄ－半乳糖的含量逐渐增加，而硫酸基的含量呈现先增加后减少的规律；北移坛紫菜琼胶中３，６－内醚－Ｌ－半乳糖的含量高于南方坛紫菜，而硫酸基和６－ＯＣＨ３－Ｄ－半乳糖的含量低于南方坛紫菜。