一种新的遥感影像变化检测相对辐射校正方法

分析了相对辐射校正在变化检测中的重要性,以基于植被指数的变化检测为例,比较常用相对辐射校正方法及其对变化检测的影响,并且提出一种基于相关系数稳健的相对辐射校正的新方法。通过试验发现相对辐射校正能够减小多时相遥感图像间由于大气、照度和传感器标度等存在差异而造成的影响,提高了基于植被指数变化检测的精度。自动稳健的相对辐射校正方法能够减少辐射误差,提高植被变化检测的精度,与传统的方法相比具有结果稳定、不容易受到误差干扰的特点。     

城市不透水面遥感估算

由于人口快速增长和农村人口向城市迁移,城市不透水面积也在持续快速增长。加速的城市扩张和无监控的城市开发会导致诸多生态环境问题。本文利用Landsat影像,采用附有限制条件的线性光谱混合分解、植被覆盖度与不透水面负相关模型、监督分类三种方法对南京城区的不透水表面分布进行空间分析。通过评估这三种方法提取的不透水面的精度和分析和种方法受其主要人为因素的影响大小以及不透水面的提取过程,表明了线性光谱混合分解方法较优。     

巴州植被盖度的变化和状况评价

利用2004和2005年4￣9月250×250m分辨率Modis资料,计算了巴州绿洲区域的植被盖度。巴州2005年植被盖度与2004年同期相比,低盖度植被面积变化较大,中、高盖度植被面积相对较稳定。在低盖度植被变化中,1级负变化比较明显,说明低植被覆盖地区生态环境脆弱,植被的生长不稳定,需要加大保护力度。     

Modeling Gross Primary Production by Integrating Satellite Data and Coordinated Flux Measurements in Arid and Semi-Arid China

Assessing large-scale patterns of gross primary production (GPP) in arid and semi-arid (ASA) areas is important for both scientific and practical purposes. Remote sensing-based models, which integrate satellite data with input from ground-based meteorological measurements and vegetation characteristics, improve spatially extended estimates of vegetation productivity with high accuracy. In this study, the authors simulated GPP in ASA areas by integrating moderate resolution imaging spectral radiometer (MODIS) data with eddy covariance and meteorological measurements at the flux tower sites using the Vegetation Photosynthesis Model (VPM), which is a remote sensing-based model for analyzing the spatial pattern of GPP in different land cover types. The field data were collected by coordinating observations at nine stations in 2008. The results indicate that in the region during the growing season GPP was highest in cropland sites, second highest in woodland sites, and lowest in grassland sites. VPM captured the temporal and spatial characteristics of GPP for different land covers in ASA areas. Further, Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) had a strong liner relationship with GPP in densely vegetated areas, while the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) had a strong liner relationship with GPP over less dense vegetation. This study demonstrates the potential of satellite-driven models for scaling-up GPP, which is a key component for studying the carbon cycle at regional and global scales.     

Automatic searching of control point in NOAA AVHRR image

This paper discusses the approaches for automatical searching of control points in the NOAA AVHRR image on the basis of data rearrangement in the form of latitude and longitude grid. The vegetation index transformation and multi-level matching strategies have been proven effective and successful as the experiments show while the control point database is established.     

STUDY ON THE PHYSICAL PROCESS OF WINTER VALLEY FOG IN XISHUANGBANNA REGION*

Xishuangbanna of Yunnan Province is a famous tropical foggy region.A field experiment was carried out from November 23 to 30 of 1997 during which fogs occurred regularly every day.In the paper the characteristics of macrostructure of fog are analyzed and the physical processes of formation and dissipation of fog are studied.The results show that the Xishuangbanna valley fog forms firstly in the lower atmosphere with two-layer structures and then develops suddenly in the vertical direction after reaching the ground.Furthermore,the vegetation effect on the formation and dissipation of fog is discussed specially.     

Susceptibility of lakeside phragmites reeds to environmental stresses: Examples from Lake Constance-Untersee (SW-Germany)

The lakeside border of Phragmites reeds is under the control of many environmental factors, among which the flooding height and the degree of mechanical load by waves and washes are the most prominent. Examples from Lake Constance-Untersee show that the reed front retreats under enhanced stresses. Models are presented that describe the susceptibility of lakeside reeds to mechanical damage and to flooding events. A monitoring programme which ran from 1984/85 to 1992/93 showed a slow lakeward progression of the reeds in a decade of abnormally low water conditions.     

Vegetation changes and sequential flowering after rain in the southern Atacama Desert

We describe the changes in plant cover, species richness, and flowering after rainfall over an entire growing season (September 1989–January 1990) in a southern Atacama Desert site in Chile. One month after the rain, vegetation was dominated by annuals and geophytes which dried out after 19 weeks. Among all species, including shrubs, we found differences of 4–10 weeks in the length and peak of the flowering period. The flowering sequence of the species belonging to the families Brassicaceae, Liliaceae, Onagraceae, and Asteraceae matched closely the sequences described for temperate plant communities, suggesting that this phenological character is phylogenetically determined.     

Linear regression relationships between NDVI, vegetation and rainfall in Etosha National Park, Namibia

Estimations of 10-day interval green vegetation cover and biomass, 10-day interval cumulative rainfall, as well as annual rainfall are compared with 10-day interval and rainy season NDVI and MVC using linear regression analysis. Raw data were smoothed by averaging and removing dry season outliers. Results indicate that the ability of NDVI and MVC to predict green vegetation cover, cumulative rainfall and annual rainfall is poorer for raw data than for averaged, outlier-removed data. It is recommended that the standard error of the raw data predictions are used to indicate the fundamental error in these relationships, and that the equations of the averaged, outlier-removed data are used to indicate the fundamental strength of NDVI or MVC in predicting vegetation or rainfall. The practical use of integrated rainy season MVC images are discussed.     

后三峡工程时代的鄱阳湖湿地植被生产力演变

三峡运行以来,气候变化与人类活动共同驱动了鄱阳湖水文情势的急剧变化,并对其湿地植被产生了显著影响,但当前研究尚未系统量化鄱阳湖湿地植被在此条件下的演变规律与趋势。因此,本研究以增强型植被指数EVI(enhanced vegetation index)的时段最高值作为表征湿地植被生产力的代用指标,定量揭示了后三峡工程时代鄱阳湖湿地植被生产力的气候态特征及其变化,包括变化的量级、显著性及阶段性。结果表明:(1) 2000—2020年,鄱阳湖湿地植被EVI最高值在全年及春、秋两季分别为0.37、0.30和0.33,入湖河流三角洲及碟形洼地边滩是其生产力中心;春季EVI最高值在此区域高于秋季,而在湖心区低于秋季。(2)三峡运行后的湿地植被生产力变化在全年及春、秋两季均有极大空间异质性,在湖心深泓线附近显著增加,而在入湖河流三角洲及湿地边缘下降。春季EVI增长区域面积占比极大(84.2%),而秋季增长区面积占比较小(71.2%),即有较大面积区域EVI在秋季下降(38.8%)。(3)三峡运行后,鄱阳湖湿地植被生产力中心经历了原位增长、空间扩张以及湖心向转移3个阶段,最终完成了由支流三角洲向湖心区...