海洋科学的前沿-“数字海洋”

本文所提出的“数字海洋”,系基于当前世界各国极为关注的“数字地球”发展前景 ,其事关我国海洋科学进入21世纪信息时代所面临的挑战和机遇。对此,从“数字地球”概念及其所涉及的新理论和高新技术 ,到中国“数字地球”中的“数字海洋”有待顺应发展,作了概述。同时 ,重点就“数字海洋”技术与目标和建设的设想等作了探讨。     

Non-stationary covariance function modelling in 2D least-squares collocation

Standard least-squares collocation (LSC) assumes 2D stationarity and 3D isotropy, and relies on a covariance function to account for spatial dependence in the observed data. However, the assumption that the spatial dependence is constant throughout the region of interest may sometimes be violated. Assuming a stationary covariance structure can result in over-smoothing of, e.g., the gravity field in mountains and under-smoothing in great plains. We introduce the kernel convolution method from spatial statistics for non-stationary covariance structures, and demonstrate its advantage for dealing with non-stationarity in geodetic data. We then compared stationary and non- stationary covariance functions in 2D LSC to the empirical example of gravity anomaly interpolation near the Darling Fault, Western Australia, where the field is anisotropic and non-stationary. The results with non-stationary covariance functions are better than standard LSC in terms of formal errors and cross-validation against data not used in the interpolation, demonstrating that the use of non-stationary covariance functions can improve upon standard (stationary) LSC.     

Preprocessing of gravity gradients at the GOCE high-level processing facility

One of the products derived from the gravity field and steady-state ocean circulation explorer (GOCE) observations are the gravity gradients. These gravity gradients are provided in the gradiometer reference frame (GRF) and are calibrated in-flight using satellite shaking and star sensor data. To use these gravity gradients for application in Earth scienes and gravity field analysis, additional preprocessing needs to be done, including corrections for temporal gravity field signals to isolate the static gravity field part, screening for outliers, calibration by comparison with existing external gravity field information and error assessment. The temporal gravity gradient corrections consist of tidal and nontidal corrections. These are all generally below the gravity gradient error level, which is predicted to show a 1/f behaviour for low frequencies. In the outlier detection, the 1/f error is compensated for by subtracting a local median from the data, while the data error is assessed using the median absolute deviation. The local median acts as a high-pass filter and it is robust as is the median absolute deviation. Three different methods have been implemented for the calibration of the gravity gradients. All three methods use a high-pass filter to compensate for the 1/f gravity gradient error. The baseline method uses state-of-the-art global gravity field models and the most accurate results are obtained if star sensor misalignments are estimated along with the calibration parameters. A second calibration method uses GOCE GPS data to estimate a low-degree gravity field model as well as gravity gradient scale factors. Both methods allow to estimate gravity gradient scale factors down to the 10⁻³ level. The third calibration method uses high accurate terrestrial gravity data in selected regions to validate the gravity gradient scale factors, focussing on the measurement band. Gravity gradient scale factors may be estimated down to the 10⁻² level with this method.     

国土资源卫星遥感数据应用评估系统构建

从国土资源应用出发,在“指标-模拟-评估-指标修改-模拟-评估”模式的基础上,构建了由软件系统、硬件系统、技术标准和技术方法4部分组成的评估系统,建立了较为完整的卫星数据应用评价技术方法体系,为实现在卫星研制初期就真正开展天地一体的我国卫星研制和应用的发展路线,提供了新的思路和技术体系支撑。     

基于波束控制的卫星导航接收机抗干扰算法研究

卫星导航接收机抗干扰技术是接收机设计的一项关键技术。在研究基于功率反演的空域自适应抗干扰算法基础上,提出了采用基于波束控制的抗干扰算法,并进行了仿真计算,结果表明：该算法明显提高了接收机抗干扰性能。     

On exact solutions of the multi-constellation GNSS navigation problem

In Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning, the receiver measures the pseudorange with respect to each observable navigation satellite and determines the position and clock bias. In addition to the GPS, several other navigation satellite constellations including Glonass, Galileo and Compass can/will also be used to provide positioning, navigation, and timing information. The paper is concerned with the solvability of the navigation problem when the receiver attempts to process measurements from different constellations. As two different constellations may not be time-synchronized, the navigation problem involves the determination of position of the receiver and clock bias with respect to each constellation. The paper describes an analytic approach to account for the two-constellation navigation problem with three measurements from one constellation and two measurements from another constellation. It is shown that the two-constellation GNSS navigation problem becomes the solving of a set of two simultaneous quadratic equations or, equivalently, a quartic equation. Furthermore, the zero-crossover of the leading coefficient and the sign of the discriminant of the quartic equation are shown to play a significant role in governing the solvability, i.e., the existence and uniqueness of the navigation solutions.

GRACE和SLR观测的地球动力学扁率最大熵谱及小波相关分析

卫星重力测量技术的实现为测定地球动力学扁率提供了新的方式和途径,GRACE卫星是目前最新的重力测量卫星,据其恢复的低阶重力场较以往精度得到大大提高,然而其观测地球动力学扁率（二阶项）却与卫星激光测距（SLR）结果相差较大.本文采用最大熵谱和小波分析方法对GRACE和SLR观测的地球动力学扁率时间序列信号进行定量比较分析,结果表明：GRACE观测的地球动力学扁率年际周期变化振幅仅为SLR观测结果的25%,并且目前GRACE观测的地球动力学扁率数据中含有系统输入信息和相位差,但前者较后者包含有较强的短周期（2～6月）信息.造成这种差异的主要原因可能来自于GRACE与SLR全球观测数据时空分布不同.     

连云港—临沂—泗水剖面重磁异常特征与地壳构造

本文利用连云港～临沂～泗水剖面的重力测量资料计算出地壳厚度,并与人工地震测深结果进行比较,讨论了该剖面的重磁异常和地壳厚度分布特征。     

卫星轨道力学模型分析

本文分析了目前卫星定轨中采用的轨道力学模型误差状况。使用Ｌａ－ｇｅｏｓ卫星的全球激光测距资料，利用长短弧定轨比较方法，给出了力学模型误差对此卫星的影响特性，并对所采用的力模型进行定性、定量分析。结果表明，卫星长弧定轨误差源来自于力学背景尚不十分清楚的因素。