依据密度分布频率特性的重力反演方法研究

Three-dimensional gravity inversion based on the mass property model is very popular in recent years. The time and efficiency of inversion algorithms is relative to the magnitude of the target mesh. One approach is to search over the entire solution space for a more refined result. However, the inversion will be difficult with the increased parameters in the large search space and the number of computations increases exponentially. ｜n this paper, we propose a novel approach based on the frequency characteristics of the density distribution over the mesh. The purposes of our study are to reduce the parameters of three- dimensional gravity inversion and to lighten the image quality of the inversion result. The results show that the new method can expedite the inversion processing and get a better geological interpretation than tradition methods.     

冲绳海槽西部陆坡碎屑沉积物的搬运方式:滑塌和重力流

通过对冲绳海槽2000多公里的实测单道地震资料(95和99航次)和沉积物柱状样(92航次)分析,认为滑塌和重力流是冲绳海槽西部陆坡(东海陆坡)碎屑沉积物向海槽搬运的重要方式;分析结果表明,西部陆坡这两种作用是广泛存在的。陆坡沉积物堆积速率、地形坡度和构造活动、地震、海啸等因素造成了陆坡南、北和中段之间的滑塌和重力流发育程度存在差异。海底滑塌和重力流这两种作用可以同时发生,也可以单独发生,但柱状样揭示重力流发生得更频繁。从空间分布上看,海底滑塌主要分布于上陆坡的断裂带附近,平行海槽呈带状延伸;而重力流沉积主要分布于断裂带向下一直到槽底的部位。重力流沉积主要有4种表现形式：1)沉积物重力蠕动;2)浊积平原;3)透镜状浊积体;4)沿斜坡的碎屑流沉积。上述研究表明,滑塌和重力流不仅是陆架向海槽输送物质的重要方式,也对陆坡沉积结构的塑造起了重要的作用。     

Quantifying winter wheat residue biomass with a spectral angle index derived from China Environmental Satellite data

Quantification of crop residue biomass on cultivated lands is essential for studies of carbon cycling of agroecosystems, soil-atmospheric carbon exchange and Earth systems modeling. Previous studies focus on estimating crop residue cover (CRC) while limited research exists on quantifying crop residue biomass. This study takes advantage of the high temporal resolution of the China Environmental Satellite (HJ-1) data and utilizes the band configuration features of HJ-1B data to establish spectral angle indices to estimate crop residue biomass. Angles formed at the NIR_IRS vertex by the three vertices at R, NIR_IRS, and SWIR (ANIR_IRS) of HJ-1B can effectively indicate winter wheat residue biomass. A coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.811 was obtained between measured winter wheat residue biomass and ANIR_IRS derived from simulated HJ-1B reflectance data. The ability of ANIR_IRS for quantifying winter wheat residue biomass using HJ-1B satellite data was also validated and evaluated. Results indicate that ANIR_IRS performed well in estimating winter wheat residue biomass with different residue treatments; the root mean square error (RMSE) between measured and estimated residue biomass was 0.038 kg/m². ANIR_IRS is a potential method for quantifying winter wheat residue biomass at a large scale due to wide swath width (350 km) and four-day revisit rate of the HJ-1 satellite. While ANIR_IRS can adequately estimate winter wheat residue biomass at different residue moisture conditions, the feasibility of ANIR_IRS for winter wheat residue biomass estimation at different fractional coverage of green vegetation and different environmental conditions (soil type, soil moisture content, and crop residue type) needs to be further explored.     

2010年新西兰M7.1地震前的长波辐射变化特征

以2001—2011年美国NOAA长波辐射数据为背景数据,利用涡度背景场法研究2010年9月3日新西兰南岛M7.1级地震前后卫星长波辐射数据变化特征。结果表明,地震当月在震中西南侧出现显著的长波辐射异常变化,这种变化在全年各月及2001—2011年11年历年同月变化中都是最为显著的,认为其是本次地震的1次映震表现。用同样方法对区内2001—2011年11年间发生6次7.0级以上地震的长波辐射数据进行分析,结果在3次陆地地震发震前都检测到了长波辐射异常变化,而海域地震前则未发现这种现象。检索前人的相关研究结果,发现仅有2次海域地震(2004年12月26日印度尼西亚苏门答腊西北海域8.7级地震和2010年1月12日海地7.0级地震)前有长波辐射异常变化的报道,而根据全球云量分布资料显示,这2个地震所发生的区域是全球洋面云量分布最少的2个区域,而新西兰地震发生的区域位于全球洋面云量分布最多的区域。因此,认为由于水汽和云层对地表红外辐射的强吸收作用,长波辐射捕捉陆地地震红外辐射异常变化更加灵敏,对陆地地震的映震效能要强于海洋地震。     

东构造节的伸展和折返: 泰国北部裂谷的重力信号

Although many of its details have been criticised, the indenter model of India-Asia collision (Fig 1) is still widely accepted as providing a workable first-order explanation for the structural development of the eastern syntaxis and the initiation of the major NW-SE faults that segment the mainland of Southeast Asia. Arguments have largely concerned the extent to which the arrival of the continental crust of greater India has been accommodated by thickening beneath the Tibetan Plateau or by extrusion of blocks into Southeast Asia. Second-order structures relevant to such questions include elevated plateaus, metamorphic core complexes and the networks of rift basins with broadly N-S trends. In northern Thailand, one such rift network has been responsible for the development of a characteristic basin-and-range morphology.     

北斗卫星通信方式在泉州洪水预警报系统中的应用

结合福建省泉州市洪水预警报系统15a建设和管理经验,简要对目前国内水雨情测报系统的各种通信方式进行利弊分析,着重介绍了北斗卫星通信方式在泉州洪水预警报系统的应用,包括系统的建设内容、技术指标、工作原理、组网结构、实现功能,以及硬件系统组成和设备选型情况,可为其他地区在水利、防汛等领域建设北斗卫星通信系统提供参考和经验借鉴,为防台风防汛抗旱机构提供实时的指挥决策信息。     

A multidisciplinary study of the emplacement mechanism of the Qingyang–Jiuhua massif in Southeast China and its tectonic bearings. Part II: Amphibole geobarometry and gravity modeling

The Late Mesozoic geology of the Lower Yangtze area is characterized by extensional sedimentary basins, numerous granitic plutons and several world-class ore deposits. Regionaly, the coeval tectonic and geodynamic framework remains inadequately investigated. In order to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the regional tectonic context, we performed a multidisciplinary study of the emplacement mechanism of the Qingyang–Jiuhua massif. It consists of the granodioritic Qingyang and the monzogranitic Jiuhua plutons, U–Pb dated at 142 ± 1.0 Ma and 131 ± 2.6 Ma, respectively. Biotite and amphibole cooling ages are 5–8 myr younger. Results deduced from field structural observation, petrographic and magnetic fabrics, paleomagnetism show that this massif was probably vertically emplaced by permissive intrusion coeval with weak regional extension. However, detailed information on the characteristics of this tectonic event and its emplacement depth was not documented. Therefore, we carried out an investigation of amphibole geobarometry and gravity modeling in order to address the emplacement mode of the plutons within their regional tectonic framework. Amphibole data show that the Qingyang–Jiuhua massif was emplaced in the upper crust at a depth between 5 and 12 km. Gravity modeling indicates that the massif is laccolithic. It is characterized by several NE–SW-striking linear thickening zones that we interpret as the feeder roots of the massif. These results led us to conclude that (1) the Qingyang–Jiuhua massif was fed by vertical, NE–SW striking tension gashes; (2) consequently the late Early Cretaceous tectonics in the study area was characterized by NW–SE extension.     

Crustal structure and nature of emplacement of the 85°E Ridge in the Mahanadi offshore based on constrained potential field modeling: Implications for intraplate plume emplaced volcanism

An integrated interpretation of multi-channel seismic reflection, gravity and magnetic datasets belonging to northern most part of the 85°E Ridge in the Mahanadi offshore is carried out to study the crustal structure and mode of its emplacement. The basement structure map of the ridge reveals that it is 130–150 km wide and is composed of an eastern high which appears as a continuous, broad and smooth topographyand the western high characterized by several steep isolated highs. The seismic velocities reported for the first time over the ridge indicate several sedimentary sequences ranging in velocities between 1.6 and 4.0 km/s above the acoustic basement top. The salient aspects of the sedimentary velocities are; a low velocity layer (2.6–3.2 km/s) within the Cretaceous sequence in the intervening depressions encompassing the flank region, and a regionally widespread higher velocity layer (3.5–3.8 km/s) belonging to the Eocene–Oligocene section overlying the ridge. A layer having a velocity of 4.2–4.7 km/s probably made of volcanoclastic rocks is observed immediately below the acoustic basement. The sediment isopach maps presented here for three major horizons are used to compute the 3-D sediment gravity effect to obtain a crustal Bouguer anomaly map of the region. Detailed analysis of the gravity and magnetic anomaly maps clearly demonstrates the continuity of ridge up to the Mahanadi coast at Chilka Lake. Seismically constrained gravity and magnetic models indicate that the ridge is composed of volcanic material that was emplaced on continental crust in the shelf-slope areas and over the oceanic crust in the deep offshore areas. The modeled crustal structure below the ridge further indicates volcanic emplacement of the ridge on a relatively younger lithosphere. We propose two alternative models for the emplacement of the ridge.     

基于地面观测的遥感监测蒸散量验证方法研究

为了保证遥感监测蒸散量的准确性,需建立一套较完整的遥感监测蒸散量地面验证方法对其进行验证.通过由大孔径闪烁仪、涡动相关仪和自动气象站等组成的蒸散量观测系统可以获取不同卫星像元尺度蒸散量的地面观测值.自2002年以来,由海河流域的密云、馆陶、大兴及小汤山等站构建了一个不同卫星像元尺度蒸散量的观测站网,经过严格的观测数据处理与质量控制,获取了一大批卫星像元尺度蒸散量及其配套参数的地面观测值.同时,建立了一套基于地面观测的遥感监测蒸散量验证流程,重点对验证像元的选取以及评价指标的构建等进行探讨.依据上述验证流程,在海河流域的北京地区开展了遥感监测蒸散量的地面验证工作.利用2008年密云站和大兴站的大孔径闪烁仪观测数据,对基于MODIS数据估算的北京地区区域蒸散量进行验证.结果表明:这套基于大孔径闪烁仪观测数据的遥感监测蒸散量验证方法是合理、可行的.其中2008年北京地区遥感监测月、日蒸散量的均方差分别为13.75和0.91 mm,平均相对误差分别为22.79%、18.61%.     

鄂尔多斯盆地华庆油田延长组长6油层组深水沉积组合特征

华庆地区位于晚三叠世鄂尔多斯盆地湖盆沉积中心,长6油层组沉积复杂,具有多物源控制、深水沉积的特征。主要沉积类型可划分为半深湖—深湖沉积、重力流沉积及深水三角洲沉积。不同流态的流体在不同阶段和位置可以相互转化、相伴出现。在湖退背景下长6发育厚层砂体,成因复杂,主要包括深水三角洲砂体、滑塌砂体、砂质碎屑流砂体和浊积砂体等类型。其中三角洲砂体发育各种交错层理;滑塌砂体多顶底突变,发育滑动面;砂质碎屑流沉积颗粒大小混杂,含泥岩撕裂屑;浊积砂体通常为正粒序,或呈块状。从平面上分析,东北物源控制区主要为进积的三角洲砂体、滑塌砂体夹浊积砂体;西部、西南物源影响区主要为浊积砂体、滑塌和砂质碎屑流砂体;混源区和东北物源体系的前端主要为砂质碎屑流砂体、滑塌砂体和浊积砂体。