我国地质制图的SRTM DEM数据应用研究

为了满足目前地质图件在立体制图方面的需求,采用SRTM DEM为数据源,通过SRTM DEM地质制图应用与要素分析制图等处理,进行了等高线与坡度、坡向的快速提取,并以湖南省与安徽省的地质图为例,做了MapGIS平台下的地质图可视化分析.证明将SRTM DEM作为地质图的一个图层要素加以显示,增强图件的立体感的可行性,同...     

基于MapGIS的土方量估算

应用Google Earth中提取的DEM,SRTM,以及ASTER-GDEM 3种公开免费使用的DEM数据,将这3种数据进行格式转换、坐标转换等预处理后,在MapGIS中对某一给定范围及处理高程的区域进行了挖填方估算,对原始DEM和设计DEM均实现了可视化显示。本文为各种工程项目设计阶段的工程量快速概算提供了指导意义。     

基于SRTMDEM与变点分析法的云南省富宁县地貌形态研究

以位于云贵高原至广西丘陵倾斜面上的云南省富宁县为研究区,提出了适合研究区地形特点的地貌形态分类指标体系;基于 SRTM DEM 90 m 分辨率的地形数据,用均值变点分析法,确定8像元×8像元（0．5184 km2）的格网为该县地形起伏度的最佳统计单元,据此提取了该县地形起伏度（0～707 m）;最后,叠加分析了该县绝对海拔和地形起伏度数据,得到12种基本地貌形态,并得出结论：小起伏较低山、小起伏中山是该县最主要的地貌形态。     

A practical method for SRTM DEM correction over vegetated mountain areas

Digital elevation models (DEMs) are essential to various applications in topography, geomorphology, hydrology, and ecology. The Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) DEM data set is one of the most complete and most widely used DEM data sets; it provides accurate information on elevations over bare land areas. However, the accuracy of SRTM data over vegetated mountain areas is relatively low as a result of the high relief and the penetration limitation of the C-band used for obtaining global DEM products. The objective of this study is to assess the performance of SRTM DEMs and correct them over vegetated mountain areas with small-footprint airborne Light Detection and Ranging (Lidar) data, which can develop elevation products and vegetation products [e.g., vegetation height, Leaf Area Index (LAI)] of high accuracy. The assessing results show that SRTM elevations are systematically higher than those of the actual land surfaces over vegetated mountain areas. The mean difference between SRTM DEM and Lidar DEM increases with vegetation height, whereas the standard deviation of the difference increases with slope. To improve the accuracy of SRTM DEM over vegetated mountain areas, a regression model between the SRTM elevation bias and vegetation height, LAI, and slope was developed based on one control site. Without changing any coefficients, this model was proved to be applicable in all the nine study sites, which have various topography and vegetation conditions. The mean bias of the corrected SRTM DEM at the nine study sites using this model (absolute value) is 89% smaller than that of the original SRTM DEM, and the standard deviation of the corrected SRTM elevation bias is 11% smaller.     

SRTM DEM高程精度评价

为了全面认识SRTM DEM数据精度特征并完善SRTM DEM数据精度评定方法,该文以我国1∶5万比例尺DEM为参考数据,以具有多种地貌类型的陕西省为实验样区,利用高程中误差模型及空间插值方法对SRTMDEM进行高程精度分析。结果表明:陕西省的SRTM DEM高程中误差在3.5~60.7 m,呈现出较为显著的空间分异特征;并且高程中误差与实验样区平均坡度有较强的指数相关性,拟合的指数函数具有较高的模拟精度。     

Testing new sources of topographic data for flood propagation modelling under structural,parameter and observation uncertainty

ABSTRACT

This study assessed the utility of EUDEM, a recently released digital elevation model, to support flood inundation modelling. To this end, a comparison with other topographic data sources was performed (i.e. LIDAR, light detection and ranging; SRTM, Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission) on a 98-km reach of the River Po, between Cremona and Borgoforte (Italy). This comparison was implemented using different model structures while explicitly accounting for uncertainty in model parameters and upstream boundary conditions. This approach facilitated a comprehensive assessment of the uncertainty associated with hydraulic modelling of floods. For this test site, our results showed that the flood inundation models built on coarse resolutions data (EUDEM and SRTM) and simple one-dimensional model structure performed well during model evaluation.

Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz; Associate editor S. Weijs     

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中国区域SRTM90m数字高程数据空值区域的填补方法比较

本文对中国地区SRTM90m分辨率的数字高程数据的空值区域做了提取和分析,在此基础上尝试了4种内插填补的方法,并对各种处理方法的过程及结果做了比较,从而确定先从SRTM90m数据中直接提取等高线,再内插生成DEM,用内插出来的值填补原始数据的方法在目前较为适用。此外本文还提出了一些后期处理方法以完善数据。     

面向分布式水文模型的SRTM无效高程数据处理方法

获取高精度DEM是分布式水文模型开发和应用的基础,而最新发布的全球高分辨率SRTM数据在很大程度上解决了高分辨率DEM数据获取相对困难的问题,对于水文学研究具有重要意义。由于利用雷达技术获取地面高程数据技术本身的限制,SRTM原始DEM数据中存在着很多问题。本文以雪野水库区域为例,利用ASTER数据通过分析两种数据高程差异的分布特点对SRTM高程数据无效区域进行了填充,计算结果表明该方法可以提高无效数据处理结果的精度,是一种有效的获取相对完整地形数据的方法。     

基于均值变点分析的三峡库区河网提取研究

均值变点是最常见最直观的一种类型,它以平均值为分析对象,通过计算整个样本数据的方差(S)与分段样本的统计量(Si)之差来确定变点,变点的存在会使S和Si的差距增大。本文以SRTM DEM数据作为基本的地形数据,借助Arc Hydro Tools扩展模块,研究基于地表径流漫流模型的数字河网提取方法,采用均值变点分析法确定提取河网的阈值,并对结果进行分析。经对比发现,提取的主干河网与1∶250 000地形图主干上吻合较好,次流上更具真实性,提取结果可以用于各种地形分析。