基于DMFF-Net的地震随机噪声压制新技术

地震勘探是油气和矿产资源开发领域使用最为广泛的物探方法之一.由于采集条件的限制,地震记录中通常混杂有大量的随机噪声,导致勘探资料普遍信噪比(Signal-to-Noise Ratio,SNR)较低,这严重影响有效信号辨识的精度,为后续反演、解释等工作带来巨大挑战.此外,地震勘探随机噪声通常具有非平稳、非高斯和与信号存在频带混叠等复杂特性,导致传统方法在处理复杂勘探记录时,消噪性能可能发生退化.针对复杂勘探随机噪声消减问题,本文提出了一种新型的双层多尺度特征融合去噪网络(Double-layer Multi-scale Feature Fusion Denoising Network,DMFF-Net).该网络具有多尺度网络结构,利用多分支模块提取勘探数据不同尺度和不同分支的潜在特征,提升网络对于勘探记录复杂特征的学习能力.同时,采用跳跃连接实现浅层和深层信息的融合,提升网络对微弱信号的恢复能力.模拟和实际资料处理结果表明,相较传统地震勘探资料消噪方法而言,DMFF-Net可以更加有效地压制随机噪声,完整恢复有效信号,显著提升地震资料信噪比,在信号保幅性和微弱信号恢复能力方面更具优势.

     

水管倾斜仪观测频带拓展方法研究

现有水管倾斜仪可清晰记录长周期固体潮信息,但由于其固有周期高,对短周期倾斜形变无法响应,易导致震前短临异常信息缺失。通过机械结构优化以降低仪器固有周期,拓展仪器的观测频带;采用更高精度的传感器和放大电路提高仪器信噪比,保证固体潮观测正常;最后通过连续对比观测,分析仪器频带拓宽后的观测数据差异。     

GNSS-R探测土壤湿度综述

通过对基于GNSS-R土壤湿度探测技术的观测方式及原理进行系统评述,阐述已取得的研究成果,并在此基础上指出研究中存在的不足及未来的发展方向.     

基于小波变换的改进阈值函数自适应去噪方法

在多分辨分析小波阈值去噪方法的基础上[3],用一种改进的阈值函数和自适应阈值选取算法相结合的方法,克服了硬阈值法不连续性和软阈值法有偏差的缺点。该方法能自动跟踪噪声,不同尺度自适应采用不同的阈值,可有效去除每一尺度上的噪声,保留有用信号,提高信噪比。仿真实验和地震资料处理结果表明,该方法去噪效果明显,可在各类消除随机噪声的信号处理中发挥作用。     

陆态网络数据的北斗观测值特性分析

为了进一步分析北斗卫星观测值的相关特性,文章对比北斗卫星与GPS卫星、以及不同类型北斗卫星之间观测值特性的差异,提出了用站间差分考察伪距多路径组合和GFIF组合观测值的方法。陆态网络数据实验结果显示,北斗卫星B1频率观测值的信噪比最低;高度角较低时,北斗卫星伪距多路径组合绝对值和离散度均较大,约为1.5m,且IGSO和MEO卫星的伪距多路径组合值随高度角增大而明显降低;北斗GEO和IGSO卫星的相位GFIF组合有日周期性,变化范围约为±2cm,伪距GFIF组合的变化范围可达±2m;站间差分可明显减弱伪距多路径组合的变化趋势和相位GFIF组合的周期性,表明这两个组合中可能包含与卫星相关的误差,为北斗观测数据误差处理提供参考。     

Swarm卫星星载GPS数据质量分析

从卫星可见性、DOP值、多路径误差、信噪比等方面对Swarm卫星星载GPS实测数据的质量进行分析,并将分析结果与GRACE卫星星载GPS数据质量进行对比。结果表明,Swarm卫星的多路径效应与伪距测量噪声比GRACE卫星大;DOP值两者基本相当;Swarm卫星接收机的通道数虽少,但是其跟踪能力强于GRACE卫星。最后,利用星载GPS数据进行Swarm卫星和GRACE卫星约化动力学定轨,表明Swarm卫星的伪距和载波相位残差均大于GRACE卫星。     

Radon变换在运动估计中的应用

根据Radon变换的性质，将投影理论引入运动参数估计中；通过试验证明，Radon变换能够在精度损失很小的前提下极大地提高运动参数估计的效率。     

SNR changes of VLF radio signals detected onboard the DEMETER satellite and their possible relationship to the Wenchuan earthquake

Here we used the VLF signal data received by the DEMETER satellite, transmitted from various ground VLF transmitters which are located around China, to study the changes in the signal to noise ratio (SNR) before and after the Wenchuan earthquake, which had a magnitude of 8.0. We also found that the SNRs of different frequency signals decreased significantly over the epicenter region before the earthquake, and reverted to their original levels after the earthquake. This phenomenon may be related to the earthquake. Special Foundation of Basic Research from Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration (Grant No. DQJB08Z08), National Key Technology R & D Program (Grant No. 2008BAC35B01)     

Statistical analysis of signal measurement in time-of-flight cameras

Three-dimensional imaging systems have evolved significantly in the last two decades due to increase in demand for tasks in the field of close range photogrammetry. The fast and growing need of 3D imaging devices has given rise to range image technology, especially time-of-flight (TOF) cameras, that provide direct measurement of distance between the camera and the targeted surface. A significant advantage of TOF devices over traditional range data sensors is their capability to provide frame rate range data over a full image array. In phase shift TOF cameras, phase shift sampling of the received signal is used to measure amplitude, phase and the offset (intensity) of the received signal. As a result, the quality of the measurement of these sensors depends heavily on signal-to-noise (SNR) of the incoming signal and the subsequent processing algorithms. A detailed understanding of the statistical distributions of the measurement parameters is crucial for accurate distance measurement analysis especially in low SNR scenarios. In this paper, we provide explicit noise models for the three parameters of amplitude, phase and intensity. The proposed stochastic model helps in investigating the effect of noise on signal and classifying range data reliability in TOF cameras. The model is used for prediction of errors in a TOF camera under various SNR conditions. Experimental verification confirms the validity of the model using real data for range error classification under different noise conditions.     

GNSS数据质量评估软件的实现及验证分析

近些年卫星导航系统的飞速发展,使得导航定位用户获取多模GNSS数据已成为一种趋势。而目前尚无一种能够同时检测GPS/BDS/GLONASS/Galileo数据质量的软件。针对新一代RINEX格式的GNSS数据,深入研究数据质量检测的方法。用C语言开发了与TEQC数据质量检测功能相近的软件QC,并对其正确性进行了验证。在此基础上,对iGMAS站的数据质量进行了分析,发现目前的多模GNSS接收机易发生钟跳;在多路径效应方面,BDS卫星的GEO卫星多路径效应的周期性较弱,信噪比也呈现出与GPS和GLONASS不同的特征。