多源地理空间矢量数据关联模型设计

多源地理空间矢量数据之间存在着隐含的关联关系,这些关联关系往往隐式存在,难以直观展示,也难以与空间数据映射交互展示,更无法进行查询分析,获取所需信息。针对这种情况,本文以多源地理空间矢量数据及统计数据为研究对象,首先定义了多源地理空间矢量数据关联的概念及分类,然后以此为基础设计了多源地理空间矢量数据关联模型,并将其分为3个子模型：基于自适应四叉树编码的空间关联子模型、基于几何匹配的空间关联子模型及基于语义匹配的空间关联子模型。该模型定义了多源地理空间矢量数据之间的关联方式,为关联关系的构建奠定了理论基础。     

利用投影影像精化数字表面模型

随着摄影测量技术的成熟和人们对摄影测量产品应用的要求不断提高,真正射影像在工程与人们生活中扮演越来越重要的角色。生成高质量真正射影像的关键在于如何获取高精度的DSM。目前修正和改善DSM误差的方法普遍存在费力费时、精度缺乏保证及任意性等问题。本文针对DSM精度的修正问题提出了一种新的方法,即基于投影影像的概念,将空间点位在投影影像上的投影轨迹线作为几何约束条件,直接对现有DSM的高程进行修正的方法。通过获取高精度的DSM,进而生成更为精确的真正射影像。本文通过理论推导、单点高程和多点高程修正试验,验证了提出的新方法直观简单,适用性强,具有一定的实际应用价值。     

Delaunay三角网约束下的影像稳健匹配方法

影像匹配是数字摄影测量和计算机视觉领域的关键问题。本文主要研究基于Delaunay三角网约束下的稳健影像匹配方法。首先利用Delaunay三角网对随机初始匹配点进行组织,构建分布均匀、结构稳定的局部连接关系;其次利用线段描述子和空间角度顺序建立了局部辐射和几何约束模型,并将粗差剔除问题转换为分析Delaunay三角网和对应匹配图的相似性问题;然后利用对应三角形局部约束实现匹配扩展;最后在分层策略和交叉验证策略下实现稳健影像匹配。利用3组数据集进行大量的匹配试验,结果表明本文的匹配算法即使在高外点率下依然能够实现稳健粗差剔除,得到高精度的影像匹配结果。     

A method for vertical adjustment of digital aerial photogrammetry data by using a high-quality digital terrain model

The accuracy of vertical position information can be degraded by various sources of error in digital aerial photogrammetry (DAP) based point clouds. To address this issue, we propose a relatively straightforward method for automated correction of such point clouds. This method can be used in conjunction with any 3D reconstruction method in which a point cloud is generated from a pair of aerial images. The crux of the method involves separately co-registering each DAP point cloud (formed by the overlap of two or more images) to a common airborne laser scanning (ALS) based digital terrain model. The proposed method has the following essential steps: (1) Ground surface patches are identified in the normalized DAP point clouds by selecting areas in which standard deviation of vertical height is low, (2) height differences between the DAP and ALS point clouds are calculated at these patches, and (3) a correction surface is interpolated from these height differences and is then used to rectify the entire DAP point cloud. The performance of the proposed method is verified using plot data (n = 250) from a forested study area in Eastern Finland. We observed that DAP data from the area corrected using our proposed method resulted in significant increases in prediction accuracy of key forest variables. Specifically, the root mean squared error (RMSE) values for dominant height predictions decreased by up to 23.2%, while the associated model R² values increased by 16.9%. As for stem volume, RMSEs dropped by 20.6%, while the model R² improved by 14.6%, respectively. Hence, prediction accuracies were almost as good as with ALS data. The results suggest that vertically misaligned DAP data, if rectified using an algorithm such as the one presented here, could deliver near ALS data quality at a fraction of the cost.     

Improved k-means and spectral matching for hyperspectral mineral mapping

Mineral mapping is an important step for the development and utilization of mineral resources. The emergence of remote sensing technology, especially hyperspectral imagery, has paved a new approach to geological mapping. The k-means clustering algorithm is a classical approach to classifying hyperspectral imagery, but the influence of mixed pixels and noise mean that it usually has poor mineral mapping accuracy. In this study, the mapping accuracy of the k-means algorithm was improved in three ways: similarity measurement methods that are insensitive to dimensions are used instead of the Euclidean distance for clustering; the spectral absorption features of minerals are enhanced; and the mineral mapping results are combined as the number of cluster centers (K) is incremented from 1. The improved algorithm is used with combined spectral matching to match the clustering results with a spectral library. A case study on Cuprite, Nevada, demonstrated that the improved k-means algorithm can identify most minerals with the kappa value of over 0.8, which is 46% and 15% higher than the traditional k-means and spectral matching technology. New mineral types are more likely to be found with increasing K. When K is much greater than the number of mineral types, the accuracy is improved, and the mineral mapping results are independent of the similarity measurement method. The improved k-means algorithm can also effectively remove speckle noise from the mineral mapping results and be used to identify other objects.     

布料模拟法无人机倾斜摄影建筑点云提取

受布料模拟滤波思想的启发,本文提出一种基于无人机倾斜摄影密集匹配点云的建筑提取新方法。该方法引入布料模拟进行建筑顶面的初步识别,通过模拟布料下落过程,分析布料与对应密集匹配点云之间的作用,确定布料由重力下降后所停留的位置作为建筑顶面的初步识别,然后通过密度聚类算法进行建筑区分,从而实现建筑物顶面的单体化提取。通过实测数据进行试验,结果表明,该方法能取得较好的效果,为基于密集匹配点云的建筑物提取提供一种新思路。     

地理空间模型自动数据匹配结果精准表达方法

随着现代地学研究的深入与交叉融合,地理空间模型变得日益复杂,需要的输入数据也越来越多。为了快速、高效准备输入数据,一种有效的方法就是为模型自动匹配网络上已经共享的数据。在此背景下,本文针对不完全匹配数据需要自动转换处理的需求,开展了匹配结果精准表达方法研究。首先分析了自动数据匹配流程,在此基础上,提出了匹配结果精准表达结构及其形式化方法。匹配结果包含数据内容、空间和时间3个本质特征项,以及数据类型、格式和结构等形态特征项,每个特征项通过基于XML的相似度、匹配关系、匹配范围分别对共享数据与模型输入数据是否一致、差异在哪、差异有多大等问题进行精准的形式化表达。如果某一数据特征项相似度为1或本质特征项相似度为0时,意味着该特征项完全满足或完全不满足模型的需求,则没有必要进一步精准表达匹配结果;否则需要按上述方法对该数据特征项的匹配结果进行精准的形式化表达。湖南省2010年土壤生产潜力计算实践表明,本文方法可以为后继数据处理服务的自动组合及其数据的自动处理,以及最终向模型推荐完全符合需求的数据奠定基础。     

一种考虑云检测的遥感影像匹配方法

针对有云遥感影像间常规匹配效果不佳的问题,提出了一种考虑云检测的遥感影像匹配方法,主要包括有云区域的探测、特征点提取和相位匹配三个部分。通过对影像局部区域的高亮度像素的统计,在特征点提取时避开有云区域,最后通过物方空间的相位相关获取同名点对。实验表明本方法在包含大量云团的影像之间能够明显改善匹配效果。     

智慧广州时空云平台地名地址引擎功能及应用

在广州市标准地名地址数据库设计与建立的基础上,面向智慧城市时空云平台管理人员、各政府部门等用户,分别开发了基于C/S架构的离线、基于B/S架构的在线地名地址匹配功能,并以广州市“四标四实”工作为例,详细阐述了标准地名地址数据库及其匹配引擎在智慧城市中的具体应用。     

一种喀斯特地貌无人机遥感影像的快速匹配方法

针对喀斯特地貌地形起伏大、沟壑纵深、影像局部存在阴影,该地区无人机遥感影像匹配难度大,该文提出一种基于AKAZE特征和RANSAC算法的喀斯特地貌无人机遥感影像的快速匹配方法。该方法采用AKAZE特征检测算法提取喀斯特地貌无人机遥感影像的特征点,能够较为精简地描述出影像的特征,影像匹配时间缩短,匹配速度提高明显;由于预匹配存在错误点对,利用单应性矩阵的RANSAC算法进行精准匹配,剔除错误匹配点对,同时得到最优的单应性矩阵。实验结果表明,该方法的匹配耗时和匹配正确率较优于经典的SURF和BRISK算法,该匹配方法更适合于喀斯特地貌无人机遥感影像匹配。