海洋生态环境监测传感器的应用与发展

受人类活动的影响,海洋污染日益严重。我国海岸带、河口和海湾生态系统均受到了不同程度的破坏。海洋生态环境监测传感器的应用可实现实时海洋环境的监测和快速预警,对于预防海洋灾害、调节海洋经济发展与环境之间的矛盾有重要意义。文中归纳了海洋生态环境类传感器所应用的分析检测技术,总结了目前所研发的各类海洋生态环境传感器,预测了传感器的发展趋势,并对我国未来传感器的研究工作提出了建议。     

海洋科技在21世纪海上丝绸之路建设中的作用

21世纪海上丝绸之路建设在海洋经济活动、海上综合保障等方面对海洋科技领域提出了新命题。在分析我国海洋技术优势领域的基础上,围绕科技创新政策伙伴关系、培育创新品牌、推进海洋经济和产业发展等方面,深入阐述了海洋科技领域在21世纪海上丝绸之路建设中的支撑作用,同时提出具体工作思路。     

站式全景遥感影像展示方法与应用技术研究

虚拟漫游技术已成功应用到社会各个领域,传统漫游技术如VRML(Virtual Reality Modeling Language)、Quick Time、PTGui(Panorama Tools)等存在集成难度大、建模时间长、投入成本高等问题。本文基于全景相机以及Pano2vr、Dynamic-Photo HDR、Photoshop等软硬件环境,研发搭建了一整套旅游景区全景影像采集与展示平台。该平台具有良好的沉浸性、多视角浏览、实现方法简单、搭建快速等优点,为旅游景点、酒店、历史文化名胜等场景的360度实景展示提供了有效地工程化解决途径。     

LiDAR虚拟仿真实践教学平台设计与建设

为适应测绘工作从三维空间测量向多维空间、从静态测量向动态实时测量、从地面向全域空间拓展的高新技术发展趋势,更好地应对信息化教育背景下的知识获取和传授方式、教与学关系等教改创新要求。本实验教学项目在现有实训课程基础上,以建构筑物三维空间信息快速采集与建模的真实测绘项目为基础,将三维激光测量技术、虚拟仿真技术与LiDAR技术进行深度融合;设计并建设了LiDAR虚拟仿真实践教学平台,运用C#开发程序界面和Pr视频编辑软件制作仿真动画,结合VLCPlayer视频播放插件,实现了对LiDAR仪器认知,测量模拟,数据处理和实践展示等功能,帮助学生理解并掌握LiDAR的相关知识和操作技能,取得了良好的教学效果。     

三维激光扫描技术点云数据采集与配准研究

点云数据采集与配准的精度决定了建筑物三维建模的精度。围绕建筑物点云数据采集与配准的精度问题,分别采用基于标靶的模式、基于形状匹配的模式和基于测站后视的模式进行建筑物表面点云数据的采集与配准处理,并从配准精度、特征点、特征边3个方面进行了对比分析。结果表明,基于形状匹配的模式的精度较低,其他两种模式克服了"同名点"的问题,在配准精度上有明显优势;而在数据采集与配准整体效率方面,基于测站后视的模式优于其他两种模式。     

National policy and SMEs in technology transfer: the case of Israel

Increasing the rate of climate technology transfer is a critical concern. The international community facilitates the development and deployment of climate technologies for the needs of the South in two primary ways: first, through the use of multilateral frameworks for technology transfer and, second, through in-country capacity building for research, development, and deployment in developing countries. However, scant attention is given to whether national-level frameworks in industrialized countries can support technology transfer. This issue may be of particular relevance to small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in developed countries, due to their relative lack of experience in international markets. The barriers that prevent SMEs from developing and exporting more technologies to the South are identified, by using Israel as a case study. Although Israel is an important global source of climate technology innovation, it currently does not engage much with the developing world. Four principle barriers to greater involvement of OECD SMEs in technology transfer for climate mitigation in developing countries are: (1) lack of knowledge of market needs in developing economies, (2) lack of financial mechanisms to support R&D, (3) lack of opportunities for partnership building, and (4) lack of support for demonstration sites in developing countries.     

Innovation for sustainable energy from a pro-poor perspective

The development and transfer of clean energy technologies to achieve universal energy access is challenging due to the inherent complexities of the energy sector, and the energy governance and financial systems in developing economies. Innovation is an essential part of successfully addressing these difficulties. Duplicating the energy infrastructure models of developed countries will not be sufficient to meet the needs of poor consumers. To the extent that innovation can accelerate energy access, it is important to understand the specific types of innovations that are necessary and how they might be facilitated. The general features of existing international clean energy innovation systems, which are predominantly driven by the markets and emissions reduction mechanisms of developed and rapidly growing emerging economies, are reviewed and the alignment of these systems to the innovation processes required to extend energy access globally is evaluated. Drawing on the innovation policy literature, the attributes of effective international and domestic energy innovation systems that are pro-poor and the associated policy approaches are identified.     

Intellectual property rights and the transfer of climate change technologies: issues,challenges, and way forward

The role of intellectual property rights (IPRs) in the development and transfer of climate change technologies has been a contentious issue in negotiations under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Irreconcilable differences seem to oppose those who believe IPRs are an inherent barrier to the transfer of climate change technologies and those who argue they are an essential incentive to innovation. After providing an overview of the polarized debate on this issue, this article reviews the existing literature and empirical evidence and looks into some practical initiatives and recent developments. Finally, it seeks to identify a way forward that could help overcome the current stalemate in international deliberations by suggesting a number of parameters to structure the discussion on this complex issue.     

河南省农业气象服务平台的设计与实现

为适应日益增长的农业气象产品服务需求,构建了河南省农业气象服务平台。河南省农业气象服务平台采用省、市、县三级产品共享机制,采用统一产品格式、统一管理接口等方式对农业气象服务产品统一管理和网络共享。平台基于Internet运行,选择Meteo GIS作为地图服务,使用Flex技术和JSP语言进行开发。为了灵活适应不同地区的服务产品格式和服务需求,平台设计了产品自动转换程序,将不同的产品类型转换为统一的格式;开发了各区域展示页面和产品类型可以定制的功能。通过分级用户管理,实现全省农业气象服务产品的展示、气象资料的地图查询分析、特色农业、预警信息及农事建议的发布、专家在线指导、数据管理及用户管理等功能。河南省农业气象服务平台已通过验收并投入业务运行。业务运行结果表明,采用省、市、县三级共享机制的农业气象服务平台,实现了全省农业气象服务产品的分级管理和分级共享,扩大了农业气象服务的覆盖面,提高了农业气象服务的工作效率。     

天然气水合物开发安全检测技术应用研究

中国近年来先后在南海北部和祁连山南缘青海省天峻县永久冻土带中发现天然气水合物,这是一种新能源,它将对中国能源结构的调整和能源紧张的缓解起到非常重要的作用。但是,天然气水合物开采安全是个大问题,已经引起了国际上专家们的极大关注。俄罗斯南方国立技术大学地球物理、探矿工程和石油钻采教研室开发出来的天然气水合物开发安全检测技术和方法,可以准确确定出射孔部位的位置、检查射孔部位是否阻塞和如何解阻等关键技术,对天然气水合物开采安全提供了技术支撑,对此应该进行研究。