气象遥感资料变分校准方案改进及应用试验

针对常见气象遥感资料变分校准方案的不足，提出了一个改进方案。该方案不需要将校准参照量插值到遥测资料的格点上，既避免了对稀疏的校正参照量进行客观分析的困难，也避免了校正参照量稀缺区域不准确插值分析带来的不利影响，使遥感资料的整体偏差得到修订的同时，能够更好地保持遥测资料的空间分布形态不变。利用国家卫星气象中心通过9210下发的ATOVS反演产品进行了试验，结果表明改进方案校准效果好；并将校准后的ATOVS反演资料用于Grapes三维变分同化系统，应用试验表明校准后的ATOVS反演资料在三维变分同化系统中具有应用价值。     

2004年广东省干旱灾害遥感监测应用研究

针对广东省气候湿润、植被覆盖度高的特点,以NOAA/AVHRR资料为数据源,采用植被供水指数法,对2004年广东省发生的50年来最严重的一次干旱灾害进行遥感动态监测,并结合土地利用分类数据,采用掩膜技术提取干旱分类信息.研究结果表明,10月上旬全省部分地区出现旱情,10月下旬全省受旱总面积达到峰值,占全省面积的72.6%;11月上旬后期受旱面积有所减少,中旱、重旱区域有所增加,其后旱情总体呈减缓趋势,但在12月中旬出现了短暂的增加趋势.以11月上旬为例的干旱灾害分类研究还表明,水田、旱地、灌木、林地等不同的用地类型,其受旱比例依次递减.该研究结果较好地反映了本次干旱灾害的空间分布及发展过程,为相关部门进行干旱灾情评估、制定和实施抗旱减灾措施提供了科学依据.     

Sensor Calibration in Support for NOAA’s Satellite Mission

Sensor calibration, including its definition, purpose, traceability options, methodology, complexity, and importance, is examined in this paper in the context of supporting NOAA's satellite mission. Common understanding of sensor calibration is essential for the effective communication among sensor vendors, calibration scientists, satellite operators, program managers, and remote sensing data users, who must cooperate to ensure that a nation's strategic investment in a sophisticated operational environmental satellite system serves the nation's interest and enhances the human lives around the world. Examples of calibration activities at NOAA/NESDIS/ORA are selected to further illustrate these concepts and to demonstrate the lessons learned from the past experience.     

Assessment with satellite data of the urban heat island effects in Asian mega cities

This study focuses on using remote sensing for comparative assessment of surface urban heat island (UHI) in 18 mega cities in both temperate and tropical climate regions. Least-clouded day- and night-scenes of TERRA/MODIS acquired between 2001 and 2003 were selected to generate land-surface temperature (LST) maps. Spatial patterns of UHIs for each city were examined over its diurnal cycle and seasonal variations. A Gaussian approximation was applied in order to quantify spatial extents and magnitude of individual UHIs for inter-city comparison. To reveal relationship of UHIs with surface properties, UHI patterns were analyzed in association with urban vegetation covers and surface energy fluxes derived from high-resolution Landsat ETM+ data. This study provides a generalized picture on the UHI phenomena in the Asian region and the findings can be used to guide further study integrating satellite high-resolution thermal data with land-surface modeling and meso-scale climatic modeling in order to understand impacts of urbanization on local climate in Asia.     

Remotely sensed estimation of forest canopy density: A comparison of the performance of four methods

In recent years, a number of alternative methods have been proposed to predict forest canopy density from remotely sensed data. To date, however, it remains difficult to decide which method to use, since their relative performance has never been evaluated. In this study the performance of: (1) an artificial neural network, (2) a multiple linear regression, (3) the forest canopy density mapper and (4) a maximum likelihood classification method was compared for prediction of forest canopy density using a Landsat ETM+ image. Comparison of confusion matrices revealed that the regression model performed significantly worse than the three other methods. These results were based on a z-test for comparison of weighted kappa statistics, which is an appropriate statistic for analysis of ranked categories. About 89% of the variance of the observed canopy density was explained by the artificial neural networks, which outperformed the other three methods in this respect. Moreover, the artificial neural networks gave an unbiased prediction, while other methods systematically under or over predicted forest canopy density. The choice of biased method could have a high impact on canopy density inventories.     

土地利用动态遥感监测成果应用现状及信息共享策略

新一轮国土资源大调查工程中土地利用动态遥感监测项目,经过六年多的运行取得了丰富的成果和第一手数据资料,是土地管理工作中重要的数据资源,本文通过对土地利用动态遥感监测成果内容和特点、应用现状及存在问题的分析,提出成果应用建议。     

基于Terra/MODIS的沙尘暴业务化遥感监测研究

探讨了以MODIS为数据源进行沙尘暴监测的业务化技术流程及方法。以2003年4月9~11日连续发生在我国西北部特大沙尘暴为例，进行了沙尘信息提取及等级划分的示例研究，并与已经业务化运行的气象卫星（NOAA-16、风云1C气象卫星）的结果进行了相关比较。结果表明，该研究为卫星遥感监测沙尘提供了新的数据源和监测途径。     

基于SVM遥感矿化蚀变信息提取研究

提出一种基于支持向量机(SVM)遥感数据矿化蚀变信息提取的新方法。该方法首先根据蚀变岩及矿体围岩的实测光谱数据,利用光谱角度制图法(SAM)提取训练样本,应用交叉比对(cross-validation)算法确定最优SVM模型参数,选择径向基(RBF)核函数,训练SVM分类器模型;然后,用训练好的SVM模型进行遥感矿化蚀变信息提取;最后,选择青海芒崖地区的ETM数据进行遥感矿化蚀变信息提取试验。试验结果经野外检查和验证,效果良好。     

SCS+C地形辐射校正模型的应用分析研究

在对有森林覆盖的山区影像进行地形辐射校正时，基于太阳-冠层-传感器（SCS）几何关系的校正模型优于基于太阳-地形-传感器（STS）几何关系的模型。SCS校正模型解释了树木不依赖于地形、观测角和光照入射角而具有向地性生长的本质特性，但在某些地形区域，SCS与余弦校正同样存在过度校正的问题。为了解决这个问题，研究者在SCS校正模型中引入C校正系数来解释散射辐射项，提出了SCS+C校正模型。以北京密云Landsat 5影像为数据源，通过目视判别、直方图、定量的统计参数和地物光谱曲线对比等方法，对SCS+C校正模型与传统的余弦校正、C校正和SCS校正模型进行了对比。结果表明，4种方法均能在很大程度上消除地形阴影，更好地反映阴影区域的细节信息； 从总体的光谱特性保真程度来说，余弦和SCS校正都因过度校正问题表现较差，SCS+C校正最好，C校正次之。