山西中条山地区表土花粉分析

本文通过对中条山地区表土花粉的百比图谱分析和几何平均法线性回归分析认为：表土花粉谱基本上反映了当地植被的基本特征，但不能准确反映植物在植被中的数量关系。几何平均法回归分析是研究植物和花粉数量关系的一个切实可行的方法。并对影响回归分析结果的几种主要因素进行了讨论。     

REGRESSION ON MULTIVARIATE IMAGES:PRINCIPAL COMPONENT REGRESSION FOR MODELING,PREDICTION AND VISUAL DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS

Regression between two blocks(usually called‘dependent’or Y and‘independent’or X)of data is a veryimportant scientific and data-analytical tool.Regression on multivariate images is possible and constitutesa meaningful addition to existing univariate and multivariate techniques of image analysis.The regressioncan be used as a modeling tool or for prediction.The form of the regression equation chosen is dependentupon problem specification and information at hand.This paper describes the use of principal componentregression(PCR).Both model building and prediction are presented for continuous Y-variables.The finalgoal is to supply new image material that can be used for visual inspection on a screen.Also,visual toolsfor diagnosis of model and prediction are provided,often based on derived image material.Examplesof modeling and prediction are given for six channels in a seven-channel satellite image     

VARIANCE-DECOMPOSITION OF PURE-COMPONENT SPECTRA AS A MEASURE OF SELECTIVITY

Care is required for multicomponent analysis if misleading results are to be avoided. The problem ofill-conditioned calibration matrices is of primary concern. This type of numerical instability isrepresented as spectral overlap of calibration spectra. Depending on the degree of spectral overlap, thesample concentration estimates can be severely affected. A practical statistical procedure is discussedwhich tests for the presence of spectral overlap among the pure-component spectra and simultaneouslyassesses the degree that concentration estimates may be degraded. Guidelines are developed to ascertainhow much departure from spectral orthogonality is acceptable.     

耀斑主相动力学模型的谱诊断

本文对一个耀斑主相动力学模型进行了谱诊断，包括同时计算ＣａＸＩＸ，Ｈα和ＣａＩＩＫ谱线轮廓演化系列．与地面光学观测及最新的Ｙｏｈｋｏｈ／ＢＣＳ观测结果比较显示，计算轮廓及其特性在实测的范围以内，从而说明该耀斑主相动力学模型在一般性反映耀斑主相演化方面的合理性，同时也意味着有相当一部分耀斑，其在主相演化过程中没有额外的加热源作用．     

Generation of resonance transition emissions in the solar atmosphere

We derive formulas for the radio flux generated in solar flares by the resonance transition mechanism. This mechanism is shown to produce the observed decimeter-wave emission in continuum radio bursts at a level of small-scale irregularities of ～10^?6–10^?7. Thus, an analysis of continuum decimeter emission offers a unique opportunity to study small-scale turbulence in solar flares.     

Mean sea level and the marine geoid—an analysis of concepts

The current ambition to achieve a 10‐cm marine geoid focuses attention on the interdisciplinary problem of relating oceanographic to geodetic measurements, and on the apparent conflict between them along the United States’ coasts. The concepts underlying the comparisons in this conflict are analyzed, and shown to leave a possibility of diffusing the deadlock by more precise reformulations. Concepts which have been equated in practical applications under less stringent accuracy requirements need to be refined and related more precisely through interdisciplinary efforts. An example is given of a geodetic utilization of density differences in the ocean, akin to but not the same as the idea of steric leveling, in order to highlight the similarity and dissimilarity between some geodetic and oceanographic ideas.     

两种样本输入方式下基于GRNN的日长变化预报结果的比较

针对广义回归神经网络用于日长变化预报过程中,样本的输入方式对预报结果的影响进行了研究。采用2种输入方式:即样本按不同跨度输入以及按连续输入,对日长变化进行预报。最终证明不同的样本输入方式对日长变化预报精度的影响较大,样本按跨度输入在超短期预报中预报精度较高,样本采用连续输入的方式在短期和中期预报中预报精度较高。     

THE DOWNSCALING FORECASTING OF SEASONAL PRECIPITATION IN GUANGDONG BASED ON CLIMATE FORECAST SYSTEMS PRODUCTS

The Climate Forecast Systems （CFS） datasets provided by National Centers for Environmental Prediction （NCEP）, which cover the time from 1981 to 2008, can be used to forecast atmospheric circulation nine months ahead. Compared with the NCEP datasets, CFS datasets successfully simulate many major features of the Asian monsoon circulation systems and exhibit reasonably high skill in simulating and predicting ENSO events. Based on the CFS forecasting results, a downscaling method of Optimal Subset Regression （OSR） and mean generational function model of multiple variables are used to forecast seasonal precipitation in Guangdong. After statistical analysis tests, sea level pressure, wind and geopotential height field are made predictors. Although the results are unstable in some individual seasons, both the OSR and multivariate mean generational function model can provide good forecasting as operational tests score more than sixty points. CFS datasets are available and updated in real time, as compared with the NCEP dataset. The downscaling forecast method based on the CFS datasets can predict three seasons of seasonal precipitation in Guangdong, enriching traditional statistical methods. However, its forecasting stability needs to be improved.     

The O III 52 ▪m/88 ▪m emission-line ratio in planetary nebulae

R-matrix calculations of electron impact excitation rates in 0 III are used to derive the electron-density-sensitive emission-line ratioR = 1 (2s ² 2p ²³ P ₂-2s ² 2P ²³ P ₁)/I (2s ²2p ²³ P ₁ - 2s ²2p ²³ P ₀) =I (52μm)/I (88μm) for a range of electron temperatures(Te = 5000-20000 K) and densities(N _e =10–10 ⁵ cm⁻³) applicable to planetary nebulae. Electron densities deduced from the observed values ofR in several planetary nebulae are in excellent agreement with those deduced from C1 I and Ar IV, which provides support for the accuracy of the atomic data adopted in the calculations.     

Relationships between joint apparent separation, Schmidt hammer rebound value, and distance to faults, in rocky outcrops, Calabria, Southern Italy

In order to investigate how the apparent separation of jointing varies according to the distance from faults, and how the mechanical properties of rock masses depend on this distance and jointing density, a number of regression analysis were performed on the variables s (apparent joint separation), d (distance from major fault), and sh (rebound value of Schmidt hammer).The variables were measured at 380 stations distributed over a wide study area located in the Aspromonte range in Calabria, Southern Italy.The most significant results of simple regression analysis are expressed by the formulas:

s=c+Fd⁰⁵