基于城镇用地和最小时间成本的城市影响区划分及其人口分析

以宁蒙沿黄地带为案例,基于城镇用地和最小交通时间成本划分城市影响区,分区统计影响区人口,将其与城市行政区非农人口的增速差进行统计分析。结果表明：基于城镇用地和最小交通时间成本的城市影响区划分边界更接近于行政区界;考虑城镇用地后大城市影响区扩展,考虑最小交通时间成本后小城市影响区相对扩展;以东胜区-伊旗为中心的地区非农人口增速始终显著高于潜在服务人口增速,这类城市应增强对周边县的扩散作用;以大武口-惠农区为中心的地区非农人口增速始终显著低于潜在服务人口增速,这类城市应加速产业与非农人口集聚。     

广西沿海翡翠贻贝移殖试验

1964年至1974年在广西沿海进行野生翡翠贻贝移殖试验,其结果是种贝在试养海区能够正常生长和繁殖,半人工采苗和人工育苗均获成功,幼苗下海养殖生长情况正常。28年(1967-1995年)来,每年在部分海区的固形物上面都发现有相当数量附着生长的翡翠贻贝稚贝和成贝,已在海区形成自然种群,说明广西沿海的环境条件适合翡翠贻贝的生长繁殖。广西沿海东起合浦英罗港、西至防城珍珠港、南达北海涠洲岛的河口湾外的广阔潮下带海区是适宜进行翡翠贻贝人工增、养殖的。     

Analysis of satellite‐based and in situ hydro‐climatic data depicts water storage depletion in North China Region

Water storage depletion is an increasing hydrological threat to agricultural production and social stability across the globe. It is fast approaching threshold levels especially in arid/semiarid regions with low precipitation and excessive evapotranspiration (ET). This study analyses water storage dynamics in the North China Region (NCR) – an important grain‐production base in China. It uses monthly Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) and field‐measured precipitation data products for 2002–2009. The datasets are analysed in a basin‐scale water balance equation to determine the state of storage in the NCR study area. Based on the validated satellite‐based data products with field‐measured values, average error/bias in the datasets is <10%. The analysis also shows favourable agreements among the GRACE‐derived and flux‐based storage changes at various temporal scales. Whereas the amplitudes and phases of the precipitation and ET fluxes are largely stable for 2002–2009, those of GLDAS runoff and GRACE total water storage anomaly apparently narrow out. The linear trends in the monthly, seasonal and annual storage changes are negative for the study period, suggesting storage loss. There is an apparent seasonality of storage change in the study area; with summer storage gain, winter storage loss and an overall storage loss that is on the average of 16.8 mm/yr. Storage loss is most severe in the central floodplain region (the main irrigated production zone) of the study area. Storage depletion in this important agro‐based semi‐arid region could have negative implications for the millions of people in the region and beyond in terms of water supply, crop production, food security and social stability. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

近54年京津冀地区热浪时空变化特征及影响因素

基于1960—2013年京津冀及周边地区34个气象站逐日最高气温和相对湿度资料,利用高温热浪模型,辅以趋势分析、突变检验及相关分析等方法,研究近54年京津冀地区热浪时空变化特征,探讨城市化对热浪变化的影响,并尝试寻找对热浪异常具有稳定指示意义的环流因子。结果表明:1960—2013年京津冀地区热浪变化具有明显的阶段性,以20世纪70年代中期为转折,热浪呈先减少后增加趋势;京津冀地区热浪空间格局变化整体呈南减北增,东南平原区热浪呈下降趋势,北部生态涵养区呈现增加趋势;在区域尺度上,城市化或迁站影响并未改变北京极端热浪变化趋势,主要影响以轻度和中度热浪变化为主;西太平洋副热带高压和青藏高原反气旋环流与京津冀地区热浪异常关系最为显著,对热浪异常是一种稳定且强烈的指示信号。当青藏高原高空反气旋环流异常偏强,西太平洋副热带高压明显偏北,京津冀地区发生超级热浪可能性较大。     

The Mar Menor lagoon (SE Spain): A singular natural ecosystem threatened by human activities

The Mar Menor lagoon is one of the most important ecological singularities in the Mediterranean area. At the same time, it is an area where many economic and industrial activities meet. The sum of the impacts of mining, agriculture and urban development in the surroundings to the lagoon during the last decades has affected its ecosystem. In this paper, we have reviewed the studies done by researchers over two decades regarding the impacts of human activities in the lagoon, reporting data of contamination levels and the effects generated in the ecosystem of the lagoon. The discharge of enriched nutrient waters seems to be the most important input in the lagoon. Changes to more friendly agricultural techniques in the surrounding areas are therefore necessary. After our review, we can conclude that it is necessary to have higher efforts from the public administrations and stricter environmental regulations in order to preserve, on one hand, the important ecological values of the lagoon, and on other hand, public health.     

基于RS的林芝-加查段泥石流源地信息提取

为研究泥石流灾害对西藏雅鲁藏布江林芝-加查段沿线的影响与危害,基于遥感手段开展了林芝-加查段沿线泥石流源地物源及冰川水文信息特征的提取研究与分析。研究结果表明:林芝-加查段沿线泥石流源地物源分布具有不均匀性;源地冰川分布具有不平衡性;沿线泥石流源地的物源在冰川融水及冰川型泥石流过后更加发育,积累的松散物质更加丰富,导致泥石流源地物源进一步复活并产生大量新物源,从而使沿线泥石流发生频率增高,规模增大。     

三江源区径流演变及其对气候变化的响应(英文)

Runoff at the three time scales(non-flooding season,flooding season and annual period) was simulated and tested from 1958 to 2005 at Tangnaihai(Yellow River Source Region:YeSR),Zhimenda(Yangtze River Source Region:YaSR) and Changdu(Lancang River Source Region:LcSR) by hydrological modeling,trend detection and comparative analysis.Also,future runoff variations from 2010 to 2039 at the three outlets were analyzed in A1B and B1 scenarios of CSIRO and NCAR climate model and the impact of climate change was tested.The results showed that the annual and non-flooding season runoff decreased significantly in YeSR,which decreased the water discharge to the midstream and downstream of the Yellow River,and intensified the water shortage in the Yellow River Basin,but the other two regions were not statistically significant in the last 48 years.Compared with the runoff in baseline(1990s),the runoff in YeSR would decrease in the following 30 years(2010-2039),especially in the non-flooding season.Thus the water shortage in the midstream and downstream of the Yellow River Basin would be serious continuously.The runoff in YaSR would increase,especially in the flooding season,thus the flood control situation would be severe.The runoff in LcSR would also be greater than the current runoff,and the annual and flooding season runoff would not change significantly,while the runoff variation in the non-flooding season is uncertain.It would increase significantly in the B1 scenario of CSIRO model but decrease significantly in B1 scenario of NCAR model.Furthermore,the most sensitive region to climate change is YaSR,followed by YeSR and LcSR.     

赤峰、通辽地区1979—2008年玉米生长期温湿条件对单产影响分析

赤峰、通辽地区是内蒙古玉米作物的主要产区,文章统计并分析了1979—2008年该地区玉米生长期的降水和气温的变化,计算了玉米生长期的干燥度指数,并利用干燥度指数分析了温湿条件对玉米气象单产的影响,结果显示：玉米生长期的温湿条件是影响单产波动的主因,当温湿条件有利时,玉米将增产,否则会减产。     

若尔盖高原典型年份植被覆盖变化对2010年区域气候影响的数值模拟

利用WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)模式,采用1981年、1990年、2000年、2010年卫星遥感地表分类数据,模拟分析了黄河源区若尔盖高原典型年份真实地表植被覆盖变化对2010年区域气候的影响。得到以下主要结论:1)对于地表能量,植被覆盖变化对潜热影响较显著,较为显著的气候响应是地表温度的变化,且局地地表温度变化较区域平均温度变化明显。2)蒸腾效率和反照率会改变地表温度,但它们的相对重要性随季节和地点而变化,在夏季,若尔盖高原蒸腾效率改变对温度的影响大于反照率的作用。3)植被覆盖度变化在低层对温湿度均有影响,在中高层仅对温度有较小扰动。     

河西内陆河地表水与地下水转化及水资源利用率研究

河西内陆河水资源产生于祁连山区 ,河流出山以后依次穿越山前洪积扇、走廊南部盆地、北部盆地 ,最后进入尾闾湖 .由于山前洪积扇、南北盆地及河床具有良好的通透性和巨大的蓄水能力使地表水易于转化为地下水 ,出山水量的很大一部分渗入地下避免无效蒸散损耗 ;同时由于特殊的串珠状水文地质盆地构造 ,水资源具有同源性和多次转化特点 ,使水资源的利用率大大提高 .研究表明 ,1999年河西水资源总量为 6 3 79× 10 8m3 ,其中 ,地表水资源量为 5 8 36× 10 8m3 ,地下水资源量为 5 6 39× 10 5m3 ,地表水与地下水重复计算量高达 5 0 96× 10 5m3 .三个流域水资源利用率达到 6 1 4%～ 2 11%