下扬子区二叠系层序地层的地球化学特征

本文以安徽巢县平顶山、鬼门关剖面为例，阐述了二叠系沉岩的主要岩石类型，即灰岩、硅质岩和泥质岩的岩石学特征及稀土元素组成特点；划分出七种沉积相类型，即局限台地相、开阔台地相、斜坡相、盆地相、三角洲相、汪 相和陆缘泻湖相；识别出七个Ⅲ级层序，其中四个为Ⅰ型层，三个为Ⅱ型层序。对栖霞组灰岩的地球化学测试数据进行了统计分析，总结了海侵体系域，高水位体系域的氧碳同位素、稀土元素和微量元素组成的差异，并认为造     

Farmers＇ vulnerability to flood risk： A case study in the Poyang Lake Region

This paper quantitatively explores farmers＇ vulnerability to flood in the Poyang Lake Region （PLR） with the supports of GIS spatial functions. The analysis consists of three major steps, which is based on the spatial unit of township. Firstly, the spatial extent and characteristics of flood risk areas were determined using a digital elevation model （DEM） derived from the 1：50,000 topographic map. Secondly, for each of the township, six indices indicating the economic activities of local farmers were calculated. These indices are： rural population proportion, cultivated land proportion, GDP per unit area, employment proportion of primary industry, net rural income per capita and agricultural income proportion. These six indices were then normalized and used for later vulnerability assessment. Thirdly, the normalized indices （as GIS data layers） were overlaid with the flood risk areas to produce the risk coefficient for each township and to calculate the overall vulnerability for each township. The analysis results show that in the PLR there are high flood risk areas where the farmers＇ livings are seriously influenced or threatened. About 55.56% of the total 180 townships in the flood risk areas have a high degree of flood vulnerability. The townships under flood risk are mainly distributed in the areas around the Poyang Lake and the areas along the ＂five rivers＂.     

Simulation and projection of climate change using CMIP6 Muti-models in the Belt and Road Region

Climate condition over a region is mostly determined by the changes in precipitation, temperature and evaporation as the key climate variables. The countries belong to the Belt and Road region are subjected to face strong changes in future climate. In this paper, we used five global climate models from the latest Sixth Phase of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) to evaluate future climate changes under seven combined scenarios of the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways and the Representative Concentration Pathways (SSP1-1.9, SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, SSP4-3.4, SSP4-6.0 and SSP5-8.5) across the Belt and Road region. This study focuses on undertaking a climate change assessment in terms of future changes in precipitation, air temperature and actual evaporation for the three distinct periods as near-term period (2021-2040), mid-term period (2041-2060) and long-term period (2081-2100). To discern spatial structure, K?ppen-Geiger Climate Classification method has been used in this study. In relative terms, the results indicate an evidence of increasing tendency in all the studied variables, where significant changes are anticipated mostly in the long-term period. In addition to, though it is projected to increase under all the SSP-RCP scenarios, greater increases will be happened under higher emission scenarios (SSP5-8.5 and SSP3-7.0). For temperature, robust increases in annual mean temperature is found to be 5.2 °C under SSP3-7.0, and highest 7.0 °C under SSP5-8.5 scenario relative to present day. The northern part especially Cold and Polar region will be even more warmer (+6.1 °C) in the long-term (2081-2100) period under SSP5-8.5. Similarly, at the end of the twenty-first century, annual mean precipitation is inclined to increase largely with a rate of 2.1% and 2.8% per decade under SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5 respectively. Spatial distribution demonstrates that the largest precipitation increases are to be pronounced in the Polar and Arid regions. Precipitation is projected to increase with response to increasing warming most of the regions. Finally, the actual evaporation is projected to increase significantly with rate of 20.3% under SSP3-7.0 and greatest 27.0% for SSP5-8.5 by the end of the century. It is important to note that the changes in evaporation respond to global mean temperature rise consistently in terms of similar spatial pattern for all the scenarios where stronger increase found in the Cold and Polar regions. The increase in precipitation is overruled by enhanced evaporation over the region. However, this study reveals that the CMIP6 models can simulate temperature better than precipitation over the Belt and Road region. Findings of this study could be the reliable basis for initiating policies against further climate induced impacts in the regional scale.     

新疆若羌县阿热力一带冰沟群沉积环境及层序地层分析

新疆若羌县阿热力一带位于东昆仑西段北坡、柴达木盆地西南缘。地层区划隶属于秦祁昆地层区、东昆仑-中秦岭地层分区,该区冰沟群分布广泛。对该区开展区域地质调查、对冰沟群的沉积环境和层序地层进行分析研究具有重要地质意义。在开展区域地质调查中,采用路线调查、剖面测量、实验测试等方法对冰沟群的岩性特征、岩石组合、地球化学特征、古生物特征以及形成时代等进行了系统研究,依据岩石组合特征将其划分为狼牙山组和丘吉东沟组。把该区冰沟群与区域上都兰县冰沟群层型剖面进行了对比,通过对比研究,认为该区的冰沟群与都兰县冰沟群层型剖面具明显可对比性。依据岩性特征、岩石组合特征、古生物特征等,对冰沟群沉积环境进行了分析,认为狼牙山组沉积环境属于潮下较深水陆棚相低能环境;丘吉东沟组属于浅海陆棚相带内缘斜坡沉积环境。并对冰沟群层序地层进行了划分,将其划分为2个Ⅲ级层序,即第一层序（B-1）和第二层序（B-2）。     

内蒙古阿右旗低品位镍矿石可选性试验研究

该试验对低品位镍矿进行了选矿试验研究。结果表明：采用一段磨矿、细度-0．074mm 85％、先反浮选脱泥、脱泥后的尾矿进行粗选,两次粗扫选、三次精选流程;浮选药剂采用碳酸钠、2^#油、CMC、硫酸铜、丁基黄药、J-622;试验指标为：原矿镍品位0．18％、浮选精矿镍品位3．15％、浮选尾矿品位0．11％、反浮选产品镍品位0．19％、精矿镍回收率39．17％。该研究结果为该矿石的可选性评价提供了技术依据。     

特低渗裂缝性砾岩油藏储层特征及其对开发效果控制作用研究:以克拉玛依油田八区下乌尔禾油藏为例

在岩心储层研究及测井解释的基础上,动静结合确定了八区下乌尔禾组油藏的有效储层划分标准,在此基础上,运用综合评价方法将储层划分为4类,其中I类最好,IV类最差。对比四次加密试验井,储层评价效果好,储层厚度的预测误差率在5%以内,储层类型符合率为80%。统计岩心及成像测井资料显示,下乌尔禾组天然裂缝以构造高角度缝为主,人工裂缝以压裂羽状缝为主,各类裂缝多为闭合缝。结合开发动态资料分析认为:储层发育优势区控制了油井高产区,油层储层条件越好,初期产能越高;裂缝的存在导致注入水优先沿裂缝突进,使油井出现裂缝水窜、见水不见效等开发特征;综合分析发现油水井的驱替通道、储层及裂缝发育情况导致油井不同见效情况。在静动态研究基础上实施的四次加密试验井,90%以上的井可达到预期设计产能。     

新疆阿尔泰花岗岩类源区物质的定量模拟

对产出于阿尔泰、额尔齐斯、乌化古三条构造-岩浆带上的六个典型岩体进行了源区岩石化学组成和初始熔体部分熔融程度的定量模拟。模拟结果表明:六个岩体的ε_(Sr)~t值多介于0-120之间,源区岩石多为地幔物质与陆壳物质的混合源,地壳柱中成熟陆壳所占比例较少,反映了中亚型地洼区在地壳化学结构上的一个重要特征.从北往南,ε_(Sr)~t值与壳源锶所占百分率逐渐减小,反映了从地槽造山带核心部位往边缘部位往边缘部位,地壳柱中成熟陆壳所占比例逐渐减小。初始熔浆部分熔融程度温度、压力呈正消长关系。     

1543—2001年北疆区域年降水量变化特征分析

征,同时200 a左右的周期变化特征也较为明显,且不同历史时期的周期变化特征存在明显差异.突变检验表明,均值突变尺度在50～100 a尺度上更为明显,公元1613-1643年,1731-1792年的突变表现为年降水量的增加,而公元1669-1712年的突变则表现为年降水量的减少;方差突变则以18世纪80年代最为明显.     

数字路线地质调查与数字填图方法

数字地质填图是基于数字填图系统(RGMAP)进行地质调查的一种新方法.从野外数字路线地质调查的角度,结合150000崇阳县幅数字填图实战经验,探讨了观察路线布置的原则和方法、PRB数字填图技术和PRB过程的基本概念,数字填图的一般工作方法和编录要求等.在此基础上对数字填图方法的长处和局限性进行了讨论.     

西南岩溶区生态环境可持续发展的生态足迹分析——以广西为例

生态足迹是一种度量可持续发展程度的方法,能定量判断一个区域生态环境的发展是否处于生态承载能力的范围内.以西南岩溶地广西为例,采用生态足迹的理论和方法对2004年广西区域生态足迹状况进行了测算和实证分析,并与2003年进行了比较.结果表明:广西人均生态足迹由2003年的1.1378 hm2上升到2004年的1.2239 hm2;人均生态承载力由2003年的0.5753 hm2下降到2004年的0.5736 hm2,广西经济社会活动对生态环境的需求强度已经超过了生态承载力的供给;人均生态赤字由2003年的0.5625 hm2增长到2004年的0.6503 hm2,处于不可持续的发展状态.必须采取相应措施,促使广西生态环境发展向良性和可持续方向转化.