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101.
重金属铜污染植被光谱响应特征研究   总被引:12,自引:1,他引:11  
重金属铜污染植被的反射光谱特性会发生明显改变。在本研究中,采用不同程度的铜污染土壤作为培养基质,选择春小麦、上海青两种农作物进行铜胁迫实验,获取了4个不同生育期、10个不同铜污染强度下的植被叶片的反射光谱,并采用铜污染叶片7个特征波段和光谱角的方法研究了铜污染叶片的光谱特征。结果表明,铜污染叶片光谱差异与作物时期和作物类型有关,可以采用叶片光谱角描述铜污染叶片与健康叶片的光谱差异。该方法只需与阈值做简单的比较,方法简便易行,而且对轻度及重度铜污染十分敏感。叶片光谱辐射传输模型反演结果表明铜污染叶片内部结构参数N明显变大,这也证明了铜污染使叶片内部结构更加散乱无序。在此基础上进一步建立了N与红肩处反射率值的线性关系,相关系数为0.978。本文为铜污染叶片光谱反射模型的建立提供了初步的数据基础与理论支持。  相似文献   
102.
Soil salinization is a worldwide environmental problem with severe economic and social consequences. In this paper, estimating the soil salinity of Pingluo County, China by a partial least squares regression (PLSR) predictive model was carried out using QuickBird data and soil reflectance spectra. At first, a relationship between the sensitive bands of soil salinity acquired from measured reflectance spectra and the spectral coverage of seven commonly used optical sensors was analyzed. Secondly, the potentiality of QuickBird data in estimating soil salinity by analyzing the correlations between the measured reflectance spectra and reflectance spectra derived from QuickBird data and analyzing the contributions of each band of QuickBird data to soil salinity estimation Finally, a PLSR predictive model of soil salinity was developed using reflectance spectra from QuickBird data and eight spectral indices derived from QuickBird data. The results indicated that the sensitive bands covered several bands of each optical sensor and these sensors can be used for soil salinity estimation. The result of estimation model showed that an accurate prediction of soil salinity can be made based on the PLSR method (R2 = 0.992, RMSE = 0.195). The PLSR model's performance was better than that of the stepwise multiple regression (SMR) method. The results also indicated that using spectral indices such as intensity within spectral bands (Int1, Int2), soil salinity indices (SI1, SI2, SI3), the brightness index (BI), the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the ratio vegetation index (RVI) as independent model variables can help to increase the accuracy of soil salinity mapping. The NDVI and RVI can help to reduce the influences of vegetation cover and soil moisture on prediction accuracy. The method developed in this paper can be applied in other arid and semi-arid areas, such as western China.  相似文献   
103.
We obtained spectra of comet C/1999 S4 (LINEAR) with the UAGS spectrograph(long slit and CCD) installed on the 1-m Zeiss reflector of the SAO of the RAS(Northern Caucuses, Nizhny Arkhyz) on July 23/24, 26/27 and 27/28, 2000. OnJuly 22/23, before the splitting of the cometary nucleus, several emission lines,such as C2, C3, CN, NH, CH, NH2, CO+, H2O+ wereclearly identified in the spectra. The inspections of the CCD spectra obtainedon July 27/28, 2000 reveals only very weak emission lines superimposed on thesolar reflection spectrum. From analyzing the surface brightness profile of C2 along the slit the velocity of separation of two secondary fragments (V = 10 km/h) and the energy of the fragment separation (E = 8.7 × 1015 erg) were estimated. A luminescence cometary continuum of 26% of the total continuum level is detected in the spectra of the comet at 5000 Å. Possible mechanisms of nucleus splitting are discussed.  相似文献   
104.
105.
HD 163621 is a double-lined spectroscopic binary in a circular orbit whose period is 3.3 days. Spectral classification of the components has proved difficult, but current results of K0 V and late K V are reasonably consistent with our best model of the system, which has spectral types of G8V and K7V. The object shows photometric variability and chromospheric activity and is therefore a member of the BY Draconis class of variables. The minimum masses are quite small, 0.10 and 0.07 M⊙ for the primary and secondary, respectively, suggesting an orbital inclination of about 30°. The system is synchronously rotating. Its distance is estimated to be 31 pc, which makes it an excellent candidate for a trigonometric parallax determination. Kitt Peak National Observatory, [U.S.] National Optical Astronomy Observatories, operated by AURA Inc. under contract with the [U.S.] National Science Foundation.  相似文献   
106.
Fluorescence lifetime provides a third independent dimension of information for the resolution of totalluminescence spectra of multicomponent mixtures.The incorporation of this parameter into theexcitation-emission matrix(EEM)by the phase modulation technique results in a three-dimensionalexcitation-emission-frequency array (EEFA).Multicomponent analysis based on the three-dimensionalEEFA brings a qualitative change for the resolved spectra,i.e.individual spectra can be uniquely resolved,which is impossible with any two-dimensional analysis.In this paper we present a method for analyzingthe EEFA.We show mathematically that with the three-dimensional analysis of the EEFA individualspectra and lifetimes can be obtained.Our algorithm is developed in mathematical detail and isdemonstrated by its application to a two-component mixture.  相似文献   
107.
Magmatic-hydrothermal Sn deposits are commonly associated with high silica magmas, but why most global high silica granites do not bear economic Sn ore grades remains unclear. Two crucial factors controlling magmatic-hydrothermal Sn mineralization, including advanced fractionation and depressurization-induced rapid cooling, were revealed in the case study of the Guyong granitic pluton linked with the Xiaolonghe Sn deposit, in the Tengchong block, SW China. The Guyong granitic pluton comprises three petrological facies: less evolved biotite syenogranite, evolved alkali granite and leucogranite, and highly evolved facies (the protolith of greisenized granite). Similar crystallization ages (~77 Ma) and gradual contact between different petrological facies indicate the Guyong granitic pluton records a continuous fractionation process. Monte Carlo-revised Rayleigh fractionation model suggests the fractionation degree of the Guyong pluton is markedly high (>87 wt.%) that can only be achieved by a high initial water (≥4 wt.%) content in the parent granitic magma revealed by rhyolite-MELTS calculation. Advanced degree fractionation causes the first Sn enrichment but it also significantly increases the viscosity of evolved magmas, suppressing the exsolution and transport of hydrothermal fluids. Hence, it must be compensated by the second critical factor: depressurization-induced rapid cooling, reflected by the occurrence of highly metamict zircons in the greisenized granite. The highly metamict feature, indicated by the large full width at half maximum (FWHM) values of zircon ν3(SiO4) peak (>19.5 cm?1), suggests these zircons do not experience thermal annealing but rapidly ascend into a shallow cooling environment. Depressurization-induced rapid cooling facilitates exsolution and transport of hydrothermal fluids, interacting with wall rocks and resulting in Sn mineralization.  相似文献   
108.
伏美燕  刘榧  邓虎成  黄婷婷  王浩 《地球科学》2015,40(7):1187-1196
伊拉克AHDEB油田油藏成藏规律对油田后期开发具有重要意义, 与埋藏史相结合的流体包裹体研究是揭示油藏油气成藏期次和时间的有效手段.利用伊拉克AHDEB油田白垩系油藏储层样品对流体包裹体特征进行了分析, 并且通过流体包裹体的显微观察、荧光颜色、单一包裹体的红外光谱和均一温度测定, 结合地质背景对该油田的油充注期次进行了研究.研究表明, 油包裹体以发绿色和黄绿色荧光为主, 少数发浅黄色和黄褐色荧光.油包裹体的显微傅立叶红外光谱测定结果计算的CH2a/CH3a、Xinc、Xstd可划分油的成熟度, 表明存在两种成熟度的油.最后, 根据均一温度测定结果, 结合埋藏史和热史, 认为该油田可能存在4期油充注成藏相关的流体活动: 第1成藏期发生在95.0~96.5Ma, 相当于晚白垩世早期; 第2成藏期为71.0~78.5Ma, 相当于晚白垩世晚期, 第1期和第2期烃源岩排烃规模小, 产生中-重质油, 后期遭受氧化而形成沥青; 第3成藏期发生在14.0~15.0Ma, 相当于中中新世, 处于生排烃高峰期, 为主要成藏期; 第4期发生在10.0Ma左右, 与第3期为多幕连续充注.   相似文献   
109.
辽东山地老秃顶子冰缘地貌植物群落类型及基本特征   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
基于48个样地的群落调查数据,运用TWINSPAN分类方法,对辽东山地老秃顶子冰缘地貌植物群落类型进行了划分,并对群落结构、种类组成和生活型谱进行了系统研究.结果表明:老秃顶子冰缘地貌植被可划分为16个森林群系、6个灌丛群系,归并为落叶阔叶林、针阔混交林、暗针叶林、矮曲林、灌丛、灌草丛6个植被型.其中,石海地貌主要发育灌丛和灌草丛,也有针阔混交林和矮曲林分布;石河地貌主要发育针阔混交林和落叶阔叶林,也有暗针叶林分布;石流坡地貌主要发育针阔混交林、落叶阔叶林和灌丛,也有矮曲林分布.老秃顶子冰缘地貌植被由68科138属193种维管束植物组成;石海与石河间植物群落物种组成属中等不相似,而石河与石流坡间属中等相似.老秃顶子冰缘地貌植物群落中高位芽植物占38.0%,隐芽植物占36.3%,地面芽植物占21.8%,地上芽植物和一年生植物均很少,反映出辽东山地冰缘地貌区具有夏季温暖多雨、冬季寒冷漫长的气候特点.相对而言,石海、石流坡地貌中隐芽植物较多,石河地貌中高位芽植物较多,表明石海、石流坡地貌具有更为冷湿的小气候环境.  相似文献   
110.
Spectroscopic techniques have become attractive to assess soil properties because they are fast, require little labor and may reduce the amount of laboratory waste produced when compared to conventional methods. Imaging spectroscopy (IS) can have further advantages compared to laboratory or field proximal spectroscopic approaches such as providing spatially continuous information with a high density. However, the accuracy of IS derived predictions decreases when the spectral mixture of soil with other targets occurs. This paper evaluates the use of spectral data obtained by an airborne hyperspectral sensor (ProSpecTIR-VS – Aisa dual sensor) for prediction of physical and chemical properties of Brazilian highly weathered soils (i.e., Oxisols). A methodology to assess the soil spectral mixture is adapted and a progressive spectral dataset selection procedure, based on bare soil fractional cover, is proposed and tested. Satisfactory performances are obtained specially for the quantification of clay, sand and CEC using airborne sensor data (R2 of 0.77, 0.79 and 0.54; RPD of 2.14, 2.22 and 1.50, respectively), after spectral data selection is performed; although results obtained for laboratory data are more accurate (R2 of 0.92, 0.85 and 0.75; RPD of 3.52, 2.62 and 2.04, for clay, sand and CEC, respectively). Most importantly, predictions based on airborne-derived spectra for which the bare soil fractional cover is not taken into account show considerable lower accuracy, for example for clay, sand and CEC (RPD of 1.52, 1.64 and 1.16, respectively). Therefore, hyperspectral remotely sensed data can be used to predict topsoil properties of highly weathered soils, although spectral mixture of bare soil with vegetation must be considered in order to achieve an improved prediction accuracy.  相似文献   
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