Geomorphology of the Boao coastal system and potential effects of human activities - Hainan Island, South China

The Boao coastal system along the eastern coast of Hainan Island is a dynamic delta-tidal inlet-barrier formed during the late Holocene. The delta developed inside a shallow lagoon barred by a sandy barrier with a narrow, shallow tidal inlet opening. Two major distributary channels separated by small islands characterize the delta. The lagoon is silting up receiving and trapping sediments from both the river and, in minor measure during storms, through the tidal inlet opening and barrier washovers. The barrier at the tidal inlet is highly dynamic and changes its form, accreting (migrating spit) against the inlet during fair-weather conditions and being eroded during storms and river floods. The delta has almost completely filled the lagoon and major concerns exist on the effect that ongoing large development plans may have on the environment. These concerns include the effect on floods and rate of siltation once banks of the islands have been stabilized and floodwater and sediment load are impeded from spreading over the lowlands, and the effect of increasing pollutant loads from the new facilities on the ecosystems of the increasingly restricting lagoon water and on the seashores.     

Geomorphology of the Boao coastal system and potential effects of human activities -Hainan Island, South China

1 IntroductionThe objectives of this paper are to analyze the principal characteristics of the W anquan Riverdelta that has developed in a narrow , shallow lagoon, and to determ ine the effect that theever-increasing hum an activities of the area m ay hav…     

合成孔径雷达干涉测量(InSAR)在地面形变监测中的应用

运用合成孔径雷达干涉及其差分技术(InSAR及D-InSAR)进行地面微位移监测，是近年来发展起来并得到日益重视的新方法。对不同地区地面形变的最新研究结果表明，合成孔径雷达干涉及其差分技术在地震形变、冰川运移、活动构造、地面沉降及滑坡等研究与监测中有广阔的应用前景，具有不可替代的优势。 与其它方法(如GPS监测等)相比，用InSAR及D-InSAR进行地面形变监测的主要优点在于：(1)覆盖范围大，方便迅速：(2)成本低，不需要建立监测网；(3)空间分辨率高，可以获得某一地区连续的地表形变信息；(4)可以监测或识别出潜在或未知的地面形变信息：(5)全天候，不受云层及昼夜影响。但是由于系统本身因素以及地面植被、湿度及大气条件变化的影响，精度及适用性受到一定的限制，需要在实践中不断加以完善和提高，并与地质研究及其它方法相结合。 为了弥补传统InSAR及D-InSAR方法在地面形变监测方面的不足，提高其精度，近期引入了一种称为永久散射点(PS)的方法。此方法通过选取一定时期内表现出稳定干涉行为的孤立点，克服了许多妨碍传统雷达干涉技术的分辨率、空间及时间上基线限制等问题，使InSAR在城市及岩石出露较好地区地面形变监测精度大大提高，在一定的条件下精度可达到mm级。     

Retrieval of atmospheric reflectivity profiles in case of long radar pulses

Future space-borne cloud profiling radars (CPR) will employ longer pulse lengths than ground-based systems. As a consequence, reflectivity profiles observed from space will be more strongly convoluted with the radar pulse shape. Here we describe a constrained linear inverse technique that reduces the effects of this convolution. We apply the technique to simulated data, based on actual observations from the ground, and show that significant improvements in the reflectivity profile can be obtained. Average Z errors (dBz) are halved, while cloud boundaries are substantially better retrieved. The results in this paper are relevant to space-borne missions like CloudSat and EarthCARE.     

Plio-Quaternary extension in the Venezuelan Andes: Mapping from SAR JERS imagery

The geometry of extensional structures is described for the first time in the active setting of the Venezuelan Andes using remote sensing imagery. We favored the use of a mosaic of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) scenes of the Japanese Earth Resources Satellite-1 (JERS-1) assisted by complementary remote sensing devices (Landsat TM, digital elevation models) and field observations to make a structural analysis at regional scale. Radar images are particularly efficient in the Venezuelan Andes where dense vegetation and frequent cloud covering earlier lent difficulties to remote sensing studies. We focused our analysis in the Valera–Rio Momboy and Bocono faults corner and in the Mucujun area. We show that, in an area where ongoing compression and strike–slip deformations occur, brittle extension can be detected independently from previous knowledge. Extensional structures correspond to elongated tilted blocks with dimension less than 10 km in width. Blocks are bounded by curved faults in plan view, the concavity being turned towards the axial part of the belt. The geometry and kinematics of such structures suggest that syn-orogenic extension started together with initiation of right-lateral strike–slip motion along the Bocono Fault in the Plio-Quaternary.     

New geological framework for Western Amazonia (Brazil) and implications for biogeography and evolution

Although many of the current hypotheses to explain the origin and distribution of the Amazon biodiversity has been based directly or indirectly on geological data, the reconstruction of the geological history of the Amazon region is still inadequate to analyze its relationship with the biodiversity. This work has the main goal to characterize the sedimentary successions formed in the Brazilian Amazon in the Neogene-Quaternary discussing the evolution of the depositional systems through time and analyzing their main controlling mechanisms in order to fill up this gap. Radar image interpretation, sedimentological studies, and radiocarbon dating allowed the mapping of Plio-Pleistocene to Holocene units along the Solimões-Amazonas River, Brazil. This integrated work led to the characterization of five sedimentary successions overlying Miocene deposits of the Solimões/Pebas Formation, which include the following: Içá Formation (Plio-Pleistocene), deposits Q1 (37,400-43,700 ¹⁴C yr B.P.), deposits Q2 (27,200 ¹⁴C yr B.P.), deposits Q3 (6730-2480 ¹⁴C yr B.P.), and deposits Q4 (280-130 ¹⁴C yr B.P.). These deposits occur mostly to the west of Manaus, forming NW-SE elongated belts that are progressively younger from SW to NE, indicating a subsiding basin with a depocenter that migrated to the NE. The reconstruction of the depositional history is consistent with significant changes in the landscapes. Hence, the closure of a large lake system at the end of the Miocene gave rise to the development of a Plio-Pleistocene fluvial system. This was yet very distinct from the modern drainage, with shallow, energetic, highly migrating, braided to anastomosed channels having an overall northeast outlet. This fluvial system formed probably under climatic conditions relatively drier than today's. During the early Pleistocene, there was pronounced erosion, followed by a renewed depositional phase ca. 40,000 ¹⁴C yr B.P., with the development of prograding lobes and/or crevasse splays associated with a lake system (i.e., fan-delta) and/or fluvial flood plain areas. After a period of erosion, a fluvial system with eastward draining channels started to develop at around 27,000 ¹⁴C yr B.P. The fluvial channels were overflooded in mid-Holocene time. This flooding is attributed to an increased period of humidity, with a peak between 5000 and 2500 ¹⁴C yr B.P. The data presented herein support that, rather than being a monotonous area, the Amazonia was a place with frequent changes in landscape throughout the Neogene-Quaternary, probably as a result of climatic and tectonic factors. We hypothesize that these changes in the physical environment stressed the biota, resulting in speciation and thus had a great impact on modern biodiversity.     

乌鲁木齐地区层状云降雨雷达回波特征

利用2003年6月至2005年4月乌鲁木齐CINRAD/CC多普勒天气雷达资料结合探空资料,通过对108例层状云降雨雷达回波进行分类,对冷云、暖云、有融化带云回波进行研究,初步提出层状云雷达回波的特征参数,可为临近天气预报及人工增雨作业条件的选择等提供参考。     

一次飑线型的多普勒雷达资料特征分析

此次飑线型弓形回波发生在高空前倾槽天气形势下,低层浅薄的水汽辐合及高空中等强度垂直切变为飑线发生发展提供了有利条件。飑线弓形回波北端具有明显的气旋性特征,飑线型弓形回波由许多小弓形回波组成,在弓形回波后部有后侧入流急流存在,弓形回波顶点中空有明显的涡旋式辐合,与弓形回波顶点相对应地面出现灾害性大风和小冰雹。飑线型弓形回波受高空WNW偏移引导气流右侧30°移动,平均移速60km/h。将2部雷达资料相结合,可以提前1h发布强对流天气预警。     

江西省数字化雷达回波拼图技术方法的研究

介绍了江西省数字化雷达回波拼图的技术方法。该方法主要包括回波资料的预处理、拼图投影处理。它具有资料同一性、准确性好、方便灵活、适合业务使用等特点。     

航天雷达图像在1∶5万区调中的应用

利用航天雷达图像不仅可以对不同类型岩石进行识别,而且能够揭示一定埋深的隐伏地质体特征。将该图像应用于1∶5万区调中,能够丰富地质填图内容,提高区调成果质量。