地理图像信息阅读能力的培养策略

地理图像是地理学的骨架,能够提供比文字描述更为丰富的地理信息,其中蕴藏着丰富的地理现象、知识、技能以及智慧,是地理学科特有的信息综合载体和教学工具。本文主要从图像信息的阅读与观察、图像信息的发现与获取、图像信息的描述与阐释三个方面来谈谈地理图像信息阅读能力的培养策略。     

Historical development in soil micromorphological imaging

The book ＂micropedolog＂ by Kubieana and a large number of publications has induced many people to practice soil micromorphology. Quantification of the soil fabric and its components was a major challenge. The use of the image analyses in soil science was a breakthrough. Attempts to make soil thin sections go back to the beginning of the 2oth century. Microscopic techniques and recently high resolution electron microscope and use of computer assisted imaging techniques enabled the in vitro study of soils in three dimensional levels. It is now possible to store and process massive amounts of data. Micro- morphological concepts and techniques are applied in paleopedological, ecological, and archaeological studies. The aim of this work was to examine soil micromorphological imaging in historical perspective.     

深海探测甲板视频监控平台的研究与实现

在深海调查可视化探测设备中,需要研制一种甲板视频监控系统,该系统集视频编解码、光纤通信、图像与字幕叠加存储、系统集成技术于一体.文中介绍了甲板视频监控平台的设计,详细论述了视频采集的具体实现.     

基于X波段雷达的表层流估计算法初步研究

对X渡段雷达记录的连续雷达图像进行分析,能够获取海浪和表层流信息.不存在海洋表层流情况下,雷达图像的谱能量分布在静水频散关系确定的平面上,而雷达相时海浪场的运动(比如表层流)使雷达图像的谱能量分布产生多普勒频移,对此频移进行最小二秉拟合.可以确定表层流的大小和方向.     

一种新的聚焦点不同的近景影像融合方法

近景摄影测量是实现地面目标高精度三维建模的主要方法之一。实际摄影测量过程中,普通数字摄像机在拍摄与镜头距离不同的多个目标时,无法同时聚焦到所有目标而使近景影像各处都清晰。本文以不同聚焦点近景影像的融合为研究内容,以图像一层小波分解的高频系数能量为影像清晰度衡量指标。通过计算小波影像能量,将整幅影像划分为清晰区域、模糊区域及二者的交界区域。对于清晰区域和模糊区域,将清晰区域的像元值直接应用于融合影像,而对于二者的交界区域,将curvelet变换所得初始融合影像的像元值应用于对应位置处的融合影像,从而得到融合影像。最后,用两组实例数据对融合方法进行了验证,并采用信息熵、均方根误差和峰值信噪比三种客观评价准则,对所得融合影像进行定量分析。     

一种基于点特征的高精度图像配准方法

提出了一种基于点特征的多源图像高精度配准方法。通过在遥感影像上提取密集特征点,利用多种方法结合进行严格匹配获得同名点对。通过构建不规则三角网分割影像,再利用仿射变换模型实现每个三角形的配准。实验证明了该方法的有效性和较高的适用性。     

Deriving Changjiang coastal zone wind from C-band SAR and its application to salinity simulation

Wind plays an important role in hydrodynamic processes such as the expansion of Changjiang （Yangtze） River Diluted Water （CDW）, and shelf circulation in the Changjiang estuary. Thus, it is essential to include wind in the numerical simulation of these phenomena. Synthetic aperture radar （SAR） with high resolution and wide spatial coverage is valuable for measuring spatially inhomogeneous ocean surface wind fields. We have collected 87 ERS-2 SAR images with wind-induced streaks that cover the Cbangjiang coastal area, to verify and improve the validity of wind direction retrieval using the 2D fast Fourier transform method. We then used these wind directions as inputs to derive SAR wind speeds using the C-band model. To demonstrate the applicability of the algorithms, we validated the SAR-retrieved wind fields using QuikSCAT measurements and the atmospheric Weather Research Forecasting model. In general, we found good agreement between the datasets, indicating the reliability and applicability of SAR- retrieved algorithms under different atmospheric conditions. We investigated the main error sources of this process, and conducted sensitivity analyses to estimate the wind speed errors caused by the effect of speckle, uncertainties in wind direction, and inaccuracies in the normalized radar cross section. Finally, we used the SAR-retrieved wind fields to simulate the salinity distribution off the Changjiang estuary. The findings of this study will be valuable for wind resource assessment and the development of future numerical ocean models based on SAR images.     

Swift时代伽马暴的观测及研究进展

Swift卫星从2004年11月20日升空开始运转到现在已有2年多时间.到目前为止,它-共观测到了200多个伽马暴及其余辉现象.由于Swift观测到了早期X射线余辉、短暴余辉和高红移伽马暴等新的重要现象,伽马暴研究进入了新的时代.该文首先对伽马暴的研究历史做简短回顾,然后简要介绍伽马暴的物理图像和Swift卫星的构成及特点,最后全面评述Swift的观测成就及由此引起的理论挑战.     

Spatial structure and land use control in Extended Metropolitan Region of Zhujiang River Delta,China

The Zhujiang (Pearl) River Delta is one of the most developed Extended Metropolitan Regions (EMR) in China.With the rapid urbanization,the agglomeration of population and industries has emerged,which has led to dramatic changes of spatial structure and land use in this region.With data of high resolution TM remote sensing images and Google Earth maps,this paper identified and analyzed the spatial pattern of the Zhujiang River Delta EMR using Envy and ArcGIS tools.It was found that 1) the industrial land uses were expanding substantially,particularly on the bank sides of the Zhujiang River estuary;2) large-scale housing developments were concentrated in the fringe of metropolitan areas such as those of Guangzhou and Shenzhen;3) a regional transportation network with the spatial pattern of ″1 circle +2 pieces + 3 axes″ had significantly affected the location choice of manufacture enterprises.At the same time,both highly specialized land use and severely mixed land use patterns were identified.As a consequence of the latter,land use efficiency of the whole EMR areas was reduced.Moreover,ecologic and environmental problems were severe.Based on the above analysis,suggestions were given from the viewpoint of spatial safety,land use efficiency,and the reorganization of spatial structure in the Zhujiang River Delta EMR.     

基于支持向量机的岩石薄片图像分割

支持向量机是对传统学习分类方法的一个良好替代,特别是小样本、高维的情况下,有着良好的泛化能力,利用支持向量机良好的分类特性,将图像分割的问题转化为分类问题,对岩石薄片图像进行分割实验.通过实验表明：支持向量机对于分割颜色分布不均匀、边缘模糊的岩石薄片图像,有很好的应用前景.