震灾保险素养水平对公共服务满意度的影响研究

从巨灾保险视角,运用层次分析法测度居民震灾保险素养水平,构建有序Probit模型分析居民震灾保险素养、公共服务感知对公共服务满意度的影响。研究结果表明:我国居民震灾保险素养水平较低,且差异较大。震灾保险素养与公共服务感知对公共服务满意度均有显著的正向影响,居民的家庭收入水平对公共服务的满意度表现出负向影响,但其程度不及震灾保险素养与公共服务感知。防震减灾部门应进一步拓宽公共服务渠道,增加服务种类及方式,注重提升服务质量,提高居民的震灾保险素养水平和公共服务感知能力。保险公司需要与防震减灾部门展开深度合作,开发适合不同收入层次人群的地震保险产品,加大地震保险知识普及力度,藉以提高居民的防震减灾公共服务满意度。     

论江西公共气象服务体系改革与建设

阐述了公共气象服务的内涵,并对江西公共气象服务体系改革与建设的思路、重点,以及服务的组织与分工进行了论述,认为江西公共气象服务体系改革与建设,应主动适应国家安全、经济社会发展和人民生活、构建和谐社会对公共气象服务的总体需求,坚持“公共气象”的发展方向,把防灾减灾服务放在公共气象服务的首位;应体现“以人为本”的理念,满足和不断适应各类用户的不同需求,以体制改革和机制创新为动力,以提高服务水平与能力为主线,积极推进气象服务现代化建设,改善服务手段,提高服务质量,实现服务产品的多样化、系列化和可视化,推动气象应急服务进农村、进企业、进社区,构建集约化、开放式的公共气象服务体系。     

Geopolitical factors of maritime policies and marine spatial planning: State,regions, and geographical planning scope

This article sets out to explore the extent to which the maritime policies that have been formulated in recent years are public policies on a par with other State-level policies, or whether the geographical domain where they are applied makes them exceptional. Maritime policy and territorial structure are very closely related, and it can be seen that maritime policies are beginning to shift towards the domain of State internal affairs, necessitating the rethinking of the way powers are distributed between territorial bodies that have the legal power to be involved in the formulation of these policies and some instruments, such as marine spatial planning.     

南海区海洋垃圾治理的公众参与研究

南海区海洋垃圾污染日益恶化对治理提出了严峻的挑战,公众既是海洋垃圾污染的直接受害者,也是海洋垃圾治理的直接受益者,更可以成为南海区海洋垃圾治理的参与者。文章阐述公众参与南海区海洋垃圾治理有助于从源头上控制南海区海洋垃圾污染状况、提升南海区海洋垃圾治理决策的科学性和针对性、降低政府治理南海区海洋垃圾的人力、物力成本的必要性,分析南海区海洋垃圾治理公众参与存在公众海洋垃圾治理参与意识薄弱、公众海洋垃圾治理参与方式不足、知情权和参与权未得到充分保障、海洋环保NGO的作用未充分发挥等问题,借鉴日本濑户内海、美国墨西哥湾、厦门五缘湾等国内外区域海洋垃圾治理公众参与的实践经验,提出培育参与意识和技能、开发新兴参与方式、建立健全政策法规、发展海洋环保NGO等完善公众参与治理的对策。     

基于条件价值评估方法分析中国公众气象服务效益

通过对中国气象局气象效益评估研究组抽样调查得到的175958份问卷数据进行无效问卷剔除后,分析了中国公众对气象服务的满意程度等情况,结果显示约74.3%的公众对气象服务表示满意或较满意。分析表明:全国公众对灾害性天气预报警报的关注度较高,特别是对6～72 h(3 d)的短期天气预报关注度随时间呈上升趋势。调查发现,绝大多数公众(约85.5%)是通过电视媒体来获取气象信息,收视率的最高峰时间为晚上。同时研究了公众对于天气预报的准确度评价与对气象服务的总体满意度评价,结合条件价值评估方法分析得到,当满意度和准确度提高后,公众的支付意愿提高,气象服务的条件价值随着满意度的增加呈近似线性增长趋势。     

Public management in New Zealand and its effect on institutional arrangements for managing fisheries

In the last few decades Western democracies, predominately those of British origin, have debated vigorously about how to improve public management performance. These debates have created an influx of new ideas and initiatives regarding the concept and practise of public management. New Zealand implemented public management reform further and faster than most other nations. At the same time, New Zealand implemented sweeping reforms to the management of fisheries, which led to the quota management system based on the allocation of individual transferable quota. This article briefly outlines the history of changes in New Zealand's public management system and the effect these changes have had on institutional arrangements for managing fisheries. Each institutional arrangement has been devised to accommodate the priorities and policies of the government of the day, spanning the Marine Department established in 1866 to recent structural changes made to the Ministry of Fisheries. The recent structural changes have placed greater emphasis on governance to improve performance, but have also led to substantial losses of in-house experience and institutional knowledge. This article contributes to the broader discussion about whether structural changes provide measureable benefits or the most cost effective way to deliver improvements in performance.     

赛里木湖湿地资源及其保护利用

新疆赛里木湖湿地为国家级自然风景保护区和自治区湿润地保护区。湖区周围动植物资源丰富,景色秀丽,多姿多彩,并将湿地景观和人文景观融合为一体,具有较高的生态、科学、生物多样性、自然景观和历史文化等价值。但目前赛里木湖湿地保护乏力,生态系统已呈现衰退的迹象,需要对湿地采取保护,修复措施,并适度开发和合理利用,以充分发挥挥湿地多种功能效益。     

What is climate change scepticism? Examination of the concept using a mixed methods study of the UK public

The holding of doubts about climate change is often referred to as ‘scepticism’. However, there has been a lack of clarity in previous work as to what exactly this scepticism comprises. We integrate data obtained from discussion groups and a nationally representative survey, to interrogate and refine the concept of climate change scepticism with respect to the views of members of the public. We argue that two main types should be distinguished: epistemic scepticism, relating to doubts about the status of climate change as a scientific and physical phenomenon; and response scepticism, relating to doubts about the efficacy of action taken to address climate change. Whilst each type is independently associated by people themselves with climate change scepticism, we find that the latter is more strongly associated with a lack of concern about climate change. As such, additional effort should be directed towards addressing and engaging with people's doubts concerning attempts to address climate change.     

科尔沁沙地公众沙漠化意识调查报告

对科尔沁沙地部分旗、县、市的公众沙漠化意识进行调查的结果表明:①81.6%的受访者知道"沙漠化"一词;②62.8%的受访者认为当地沙漠化主要是由于人类不合理的活动所造成的,其中"三滥"为主要因素;③75.7%的受访者认为目前当地土地沙漠化程度较10a前有所好转或有明显好转(1:1.07);84%的受访者认为10a后当地沙漠化治理会取得成效(根治:13.1%;大有成效:45.1%;有些成效:25.8%);④认为当地治沙措施"多"的分值为5.76(10分制,下同);⑤认为国家、地方政府、集体和个人四者在治沙事业中各自应负责任之比为15:18:10:12;77.9%的受访者认为当地政府重视治沙工作,平均重视度为7.4;94.2%的受访者表示愿意参加义务治沙劳动;70.8%的受访者愿为制止樵采而修建沼气池或使用其它替代能源;⑥受访者对当地生活的满意度为6.73,认为治理沙漠、发展经济、发展教育、改善医疗、提供社会保障5个方面的重要度分别为9.04、9.05、8.78、7.78、7.73。