分形随机漫步噪声及相关函数

讨论了在地学、工程测量研究领域常见的随机漫步噪声,从理论上将经典布朗运动随机过程(随机漫步噪声)推广到分形布朗运动随机过程,并导出分形布朗运动随机过程的相关函数。     

Assessing the Vibrational Frequencies of the Holweide Hospital in the City of Cologne (Germany) by Means of Ambient Seismic Noise Analysis and FE modelling

Ambient seismic noise measurements were conducted inside the Holweide Hospital (Cologne) for checking whether its frequencies of vibration fall into the range where soil amplification is expected. If this is the case, damage might increase in case of an earthquake due to an amplified structural response of the building. Two different techniques were used: the ratio between the horizontal and vertical components of the spectra recorded at stations located inside the building and the ratio between the corresponding components of the spectra recorded simultaneously inside the building and at a reference station placed outside. While the former method might be preferred because of less equipment involved, the latter has the advantage of producing more stable results and deleting automatically the influence of the sedimentary cover, which might obscure some eigenfrequencies of vibration of the building. An independently performed finite-element analysis of the hospital showed a good correlation between measured and calculated eigenmodes.     

A simplified method for simulation of strong ground motion using finite rupture model of the earthquake source

We present a simplified method to simulate strong ground motion for a realistic representation of a finite earthquake source burried in a layered earth. This method is based on the stochastic simulation method of Boore (Boore, D. M., 1983, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 73, 1865–1894) and the Empirical Greens Function (EFG) method of Irikura (Irikura, K., 1986, Proceedings of the 7th Japan Earthquake symposium, pp. 151–156). The rupture responsible for an earthquake is represented by several subfaults. The geometry of subfaults and their number is decided by the similarity relationships. For simulation of ground motion using the stochastic simulation technique we used the shapping window based on the kinetic source model of the rupture plane. The shaping window deepens on the geometry of the earthquake source and the propagation characteristics of the energy released by various subfaults. The division of large fault into small subfaults and the method for accounting their contribution at the surface is identical to the EGF. The shapping window has been modified to take into account the effect of the transmission of energy released form the finite fault at various boundaries of the layered earth model above the source. In the present method we have applied the correction factor to adjust slip time function of small and large earthquakes. The correction factor is used to simulate strong motion records having basic spectral shape of ² source model in broad frequency range. To test this method we have used the strong motion data of the Geiyo earthquake of 24th March 2001, Japan recorded by KiK network. The source of this earthquake is modelled by a simple rectangular rupture of size 24 × 15 km, burried at a depth of 31 km in a multilayered earth model. This rupture plane is divided into 16 rectangular subfaults of size 6.0 × 3.75 km each. Strong motion records at eight selected near-field stations were simulated and compared with the observed records in terms of the acceleration and velocity records and their response spectrum. The comparison confirms the suitability of proposed rupture model responsible for this earthquake and the efficacy of the approach in predicting the strong motion scenario of earthquakes in the subduction zone. Using the same rupture model of the Geiyo earthquake, we compared the simulated records from our and the EGF techniques at one near-field station. The comparison shows that this technique gives records which matches in a wide frequency range and that too from simple and easily accessible parameters of burried rupture.     

三维城市模型的构建及其在噪音污染分析中的应用

本文提出了综合利用二维矢量数据、航空影像和激光测距与距离修正数据建立三维城市模型的技术路线,并在此基础上探索了城市噪音污染信息在现有三维城市模型中的建模和可视化方法。     

GNSS接收机晶振参数对载波相位测量的影响分析

分析了射频与基带时钟不同源对载波相位测量的影响,构建了由晶振各类误差源引起的载波环跟踪误差模型。分析与实验结果表明,时钟不同源会导致载波相位测量出错,晶振引起的载波环测量误差随环路噪声带宽增大而减小,减小晶振的h系数和g灵敏度可提高测量精度。选用单一稳定度高、g灵敏度小的晶振作为GNSS接收机时钟,可改善载波相位精度。     

基于灰度归一化的HJ-1A星HSI图像条带噪声去除方法

针对HJ -1A星HSI图像上的条带噪声,在分析传统条带噪声去除方法的基础上,提出了一种新的基于灰度归一化去除条带噪声的方法.首先,设计孤立点检测窗口,将随机斑点噪声与条带噪声分离;然后,利用灰度归一化方法建立图像各列像元灰度级与基准列像元灰度级对应的查找表,根据查找表对HSI图像条带噪声进行消除.实验结果表明,该方法在很好地保留图像光谱信息的情况下,能够有效地消除图像条带噪声和随机斑点噪声.     

一种基于极值检测与自适应滤波的图像去噪算法

标准中值滤波及其一些改进算法对于被低密度脉冲噪声污染图像的处理可取得令人满意的效果,图像被严重污染时,这些算法得到的结果均不理想。针对这一缺陷,基于文献[1]提出的一种滤波算法进行改进。首先,利用极值法对图像进行检测,判断出噪声及非噪声点;其次,设置滤波模板的最小及最大尺寸,对噪声点进行窗口逐渐增大的滤波处理。计算机模拟实验结果及对SAR图像滤波结果表明:该滤波算法在噪声去除及边缘和图像细节保持上优于标准中值滤波及其一些改进算法。     

Effects of the low-frequency zonal wind variation on the high frequency atmospheric variability over the tropics

Recently, there is increasing evidence on the interaction of atmospheric high-frequency (HF) variability with climatic low-frequency (LF) variability. In this study, we examine this relationship of HF variability with large scale circulation using idealized experiments with an aqua-planet Atmospheric GCM (with zonally uniform SST), run in different zonal momentum forcing scenarios. The effect of large scale circulation changes to the HF variability is demonstrated here. The HF atmospheric variability is enhanced over the westerly forced region, through easterly vertical shear. Our study also manifests that apart from the vertical wind shear, strong low-level convergence and horizontal zonal wind shear are also important for enhancing the HF variance. This is clearly seen in the eastern part of the forcing, where the HF activity shows relatively maximum increase, in spite of similar vertical shear over the forced regions. The possible implications for multi-scale interaction (e.g. MJO–ENSO interaction) are also discussed.     

Fault detection by reflected surface waves based on ambient noise interferometry

Detecting subsurface fault structure is important for evaluating potential earthquake risks associated with active faults. In this study, we propose a new method to detect faults using reflected surface waves observed in ambient noise cross correlation functions. Ambient noise tomography using direct surface waves obtained from ambient noise interferometry has been widely used to characterize active fault zones. In cases where a strong velocity contrast exists across the fault interface, fault-reflected surface waves are expected. We test this idea using a linear array deployed in the Suqian segment of Tanlu fault zone in Eastern China. The fault-reflected surface waves can be clearly seen in the cross-correlation functions of the ambient noise data, and the spatial position of the fault on the surface is close to the stations where the reflected signals first appear. Potentially reflected surface waves could also be used to infer the dip angle, fault zone thickness and the degree of velocity contrast across the fault by comparing synthetic and observed waveforms.     

时间跨度对GPS坐标时间序列噪声模型估计影响分析

文中介绍GPS坐标时间序列模型,并给出GPS噪声模型种类、估计方法及最佳噪声模型评价准则。选取来自IGS08的24个IGS核心站的时间序列作为数据基础,对不同时间跨度的时间序列噪声模型进行定量分析,探讨其随着时间变化的演化规律。结果表明:当时间序列长度较短时,噪声模型的不确定性较大,而12.5a以上时间跨度的噪声模型趋于稳定且主要表现为闪烁噪声加白噪声的组合噪声模型;大跨度时间序列中噪声的长周期分量变得显著。