BP神经网络用于GPS高程转换的网络配置

BP神经网络的输入与输出关系是一个高度非线性映射关系,其用于GPS高程转换中有着较高的精度。但它存在不少问题,如网络的隐含层和隐含层节点个数选取尚无理论上的指导,参加学习的样本的质量如何影响仿真精度等。本文结合实例分析了上述问题,从而得出了BP神经网络用于GPS高程转换时网络配置问题的一些相关结论。     

GPS高程在摄影测量中的应用

重点研究了GPS高程所能达到的精度,提出了提高GPS水准精度的措施,并用实例证明了GPS像控点三维信息应用的可行性。     

我国极端高温事件的年代际变化及其与大气环流的联系

利用1957～2004年全国181个气象台站观测逐日最高气温,分析了我国年平均极端高温事件(Ex-treme Hot Events,EHE)日数、强度、最早发生日期(EHE Onset Date,EHE-OD)和最迟发生日期(EHETermination Date,EHE-TD)的气候态及年代际变化的时空特征.气候态分...     

基于改进小波神经网络的GPS高程拟合研究

针对小波神经网络存在的局限性,采用粒子群算法对小波神经网络进行优化,并在此基础上建立GPS高程异常值的拟合模型.为了避免粒子群算法陷入局部极小值和收敛速度慢等问题,采用惯性权重非线性递减和自适应学习因子相结合的策略对粒子群算法进行改进,从而提高模型的训练精度.以某矿区实测GPS数据为例,对所建模型的拟合性能进行验证.结...     

Studies on critical Reynolds number indices for wind-tunnel experiments on flow within urban areas

Reynolds-number dependence of flow fields within a modelled urban area was studied in a wind tunnel. We measured flow around a single model building and around model city blocks at various wind speeds, and studied Reynolds number indices more appropriate than the building Reynolds number. Our results led to the following conclusions. Firstly, the flow around the models in the wind tunnel was roughly divided into three parts according to the intensities of viscous stress and Reynolds stress as follows: (1) the flow in the vicinity of the ground or the surfaces of the model, where viscous stress became dominant under certain conditions; (2) the flow detached from the surfaces of the model, where Reynolds stress was always dominant; and (3) the flow around the separation bubble at the leading edge of the building model, where the influences of both viscous stress near the wall and the Reynolds stress in the separated boundary layer were mixed.Secondly, the critical Reynolds number of the flow in the modelled urban area could be defined by using both the roughness Reynolds number Re_z0 (= z₀u_*/) and the dimensionless height z₊ (= zu_*/). Reynolds-number independence could be expected for whole flow fields in the modelled urban areas as long as the critical values of Re_z0 and z₊ were satisfied.     

Laboratory Simulation Of Vertical Plume Dispersion Within A Convective Boundary Layer

Mesoscale measurements of the vertical dispersion coefficient ₂ by using a composite turbulence water tank were validated through a comparison with CONDORS (Convective Diffusion Observed with Remote Sensors) field data, and were analysed with respect to the intensity of the thermal flux, mechanical turbulence, and plume release height.It seems possible to correct the plume _z values for different release heights below 0.5z_i (z_i is the mixing height) by applying an equation expressing the height dependency of turbulence intensity. The downwind distance where the plume's mass centre height approaches its final level was also analysed with respect to the above three parameters, and an empirical equation to estimate the downwinddistance derived.     

Variability Of The Stable And Unstable Atmospheric Boundary-Layer Height And Its Scales Over A Boreal Forest

Radiosondes releases during the NOPEX-WINTEX experiment carried out in late winter in Northern Finland were analysed for the determination of the height h of the atmospheric boundary layer. We investigate various possible scaling approaches, based on length scales using micrometeorological turbulence surface measurements and the background atmospheric stratification above h. Under stable conditions, the three previously observed turbulence regimes delineated by values of z/L (L is the Obukhov length) appears as a blueprint for understanding the departures found for the suitability of the Ekman scaling based on L_E = u_/f (u is the friction velocity and f the Coriolis parameter). The length scale L_N = u_/N (where N is the Brunt–Väisälä frequency) appears to be a useful scale under most stable conditions, especially in association with L. Under unstable conditions, shear production of turbulence is still significant, so that the three scales L, L_N and L_E are again relevant and the dimensionless ratios _N = L_N/L and L_N/L_E = N/f describe well the WINTEX data. Furthermore, in the classical scaling framework, the unstable domain may also be divided into three regimes as reflected by the dependence ofu_/f on instability (z/L).     

利用雷达回波参数分析雪的增长

利用一次稳定性降水云系的７１３雷达观测资料，分析了云顶温度的分布情况，结果表明，该次过程有５７％－７０％的云系符合Ｇｒａｎｔ提出的“播云温度窗”指标。     

5天平均高度场在中期趋势预报中的应用

采用相似预报技术，用500hPa侯平均格点资料作为历史样本资料，国家气象中心下发的候平均实产史资料和侯平均预报资料以及用欧洲数值预报中心的500hPa格点资料得到的5d平均资料作为3种寮时样本资料，通过相似比较得出相似历史个例，最后通过综合判别得出全省各片中期天气趋势预报结果，此方法在2000年汛期用于中期降水趋势预报，3个月的各片平均趋势预报准确率达67%，并且该方法对天气过程有较好的预报能力。     

编程求解混合层高度的方法

在t-lnp图上利用08时、14时气压和最低气温、最高气温，经过坐标转换求解早晨、中午混合层的气压和温度，然后根据等温大气压高公式计算混合层高度。该计算方法用VB6．0编程，可自动从当日报文中读取数据，计算出混合层高度值，也可根据数值预报结果计算次日混合层高度。