基于Landsat长时间序列数据估算树高和生物量

以Landsat长时间序列数据为研究对象,旨在以光谱序列信息反演森林参数为视角,应用Landtrendr算法从时间序列数据中提取森林扰动变量,使用随机森林计算方法建立扰动变量、反射率和GLAS激光点森林参数之间的关系模型,获取树高和生物量的空间分布信息。为多源遥感数据反演森林参数提供参考,研究证明基于Landsat长时间序列数据获得的森林扰动变量能够增强反射率和森林参数之间的相关性,可提高预测精度。     

双星串飞编队卫星测高模式下高度计相对定标

提出了一种新型双星串飞编队卫星测高模式下高度计之间的相对定标方法,给出了计算高度计相对偏差的完整公式;采用Jason-2卫星数据,对相对偏差计算公式中的各误差项进行了功率谱分析以及差分序列的统计分析;以厘米级定标精度为前提,简化了相对偏差计算公式并进行了误差预估。结果表明,相对偏差中各误差项均呈现低频特性,相对偏差误差主要与两颗卫星的相对径向轨道误差、测距误差、海况偏差及两星下比较点间的水准面高差相关,单次飞行高度计之间相对偏差的精度约为1.99cm。     

关于GPS高程测量精度的分析比较

近年来,GPS技术得到了广泛的应用,但是科学数据表明,GPS高程测量精度还受到一些因素的影响,因此,限制了GPS测量功能的发挥。为了使GPS高程测量在实际中得到更加广泛的应用,本文对GPS高程测量的基本原理和影响因素进行了分析,经过比较,重点研究如何提高GPS高程测量精度。     

中海达HGO软件GPS高程拟合精度探讨

探讨了中海达HGO数据处理软件在GPS工程测量控制网数据处理中的应用效能,以某水库输水管线测图GPS控制网为例,对软件GPS高程拟合及其高程中误差评定方法进行了深入分析和研究,总结了一些有益的经验,希望对工程技术人员了解软件性能和选用合适高程拟合模型进行平差计算提供参考和借鉴。     

某测区GPS水准拟合算法的研究及程序实现

首先介绍了GPS水准高程的拟合原理及方法,并对其一次曲面拟合、不完全二次曲面拟合以及二次曲面拟合高程模型进行详细的介绍;然后用最小二乘原理进行参数估计,将其3种模型用自己编写的C语言程序进行精度评定及可靠性的验证;最后选取了工程中的测量数据进行精度评定和模型之间的对比,并将两种方案进行分析进而得出结论。     

Evolution of Baffin Bay Water Masses and Transports in a Numerical Sensitivity Experiment under Enhanced Greenland Melt

We used a numerical model forced with three different scenarios to analyze Baffin Bay circulation sensitivity to runoff around Baffin Bay, especially the Greenland runoff, for the past (1970–2010) and future (2010–2099). We observed an overall decrease in transport from the Arctic to the North Atlantic for the volume, heat, and freshwater over the time period as well as an augmentation of the freshwater and heat in Baffin Bay. In the early 1990s, the increase in heat in Baffin Bay was consistent with an increase in the West Greenland Irminger Water (WGIW) inflow at Davis Strait while later West Greenland Shelf Water played an important role in the heat import, sustaining the idea that the West Greenland Current might have an impact on the melt of West Greenland tidewater glaciers. The increase in freshwater and later in heat in Baffin Bay leads to changes in the steric height inside Baffin Bay, which leads to changes in the circulation. After 1978, the WGIW reaches the North Water polynya and recirculates into the Baffin Bay gyre where it accumulates over time. In the future experiment, the dynamic changes in Baffin Bay are mainly related to the accumulation of heat inside the gyre.     

基于风廓线雷达的广东登陆台风边界层高度特征研究

针对8个登陆广东省的热带气旋,利用经过数据质量控制的风廓线雷达连续、高时空分辨率的风场观测数据,对热带气旋边界层特征进行了分析。研究结果表明:热带气旋边界层中切向风速大值区垂直范围越大、风速越强、持续时间越久,则热带气旋强度越大、登陆后强度维持时间越久。眼区外入流层厚度越大,入流层气流越强,热带气旋登陆后强度维持时间则越久。风廓线雷达信噪比垂直梯度对大气湍流信息有一定的指示作用,对于入流层高度在2000 m以下的热带气旋,其入流层顶所在高度与信噪比梯度最大值所在高度相近,对于入流层较为深厚的热带气旋,用信噪比垂直梯度确定的边界层高度虽接近入流层顶高,但仍有一定差距。不同特点的热带气旋其边界层高度并不相同,对于登陆后强度迅速减弱的热带气旋边界层高度在500~1000 m;登陆后强度持续时间短的热带气旋,其边界层高度约1000~2000 m;登陆后强度持续时间长的热带气旋,其边界层高度在2000 m之上,最高可达5000~7000 m。这些结果加深了对登陆台风边界层高度演变特征的认识。     

The Effect of Atmospheric Stability on the Surface-Layer Characteristics in a Low-Wind Area of Tropical West Africa

This study details the observed effects ofatmospheric stability on characteristics of thesurface layer in a low wind speed (U = 1.5 m s-1)regime of tropical West Africa. Theaerodynamic roughness length, z0, anddisplacement height, d, obtained from profilewind-speed data at our bush land site (height 2 m)have values of 0.24 ± 0.10 m and 1.54 ± 0.04 mrespectively. In the unstable range (-2.5 < Ri < -0.1; Riis gradient Richardson number), thestandard deviation in wind speed fluctuations, u, increased from 0.57 ± 0.19 m s-1 toa maximum of 0.7 ± 0.2 m s-1 in near-neutralconditions, and in the stable range, the parameterdecreased rapidly to 0.41 ± 0.15 m s-1 at Ri 0.2.In the same stability range, the horizontal winddispersion, , decreased withincreasing stability from 19 ± 8 deg. to 13 ± 5 deg.The surface-layer integral quantity, u/u*, when plottedas a function of stability, is in agreement with theempirical results. The ratio ofsensible heat flux (estimated) to the net radiationranged between 0.1 and 0.2 at nighttime,increasing to about 0.5 during the daytime, and showeda strong dependency on season.     

箱模式的一种应用

用简化的箱模式进行区域环境气体污染物日均浓度的模拟计算。实例计算表明，用区域内占优势烟源的有效高度作为箱体高度是合理的。     

Analysis of Wave Height in Front of a Wave Absorbing Structure with Rubble Foundation

Wave absorbing structures have been widely applied in many countries. In the present paper, the wave heights in front of a vertical wave absorbing structure with rubble foundation as well as in the wave chamber of the structure are analysed using an approximative calculation method, and the dissipating effect of the structure is verified. On the basis of the results of regular waves, the relative wave heights of irregular waves in front of the wave absorbing structure as well as in the chamber have also been analysed.