新的震级国家标准在陕西地震台网的应用

选取陕西地震台网及邻省共享台站记录到的2008年5月至2021年5月104次地震资料,应用新的震级国家标准GB 17740-2017《地震震级的规定》得到新国标震级.研究表明:①新的地方性震级ML比原规范的ML震级系统偏大0.3左右,这主要是二者的量规函数不同造成的;②宽频带面波震级MS(BB)和矩震级Mw震级基本一致...     

以虚拟地震的理论格林函数为模板搜寻小地震

搜寻小地震而得到更加完备的地震目录是地震学的基本课题.传统的匹配滤波方法用已知地震的波形与连续观测做互相关,可有效识别小地震.然而,一些地区缺乏早期观测或地震活动性低而无真实地震可做模板,造成传统匹配滤波法难以施展.使用虚拟地震的理论波形做模板可解决该问题.若使用的虚拟地震包含所有可能的震源机制,即离散地覆盖整个震源机...     

Control of sediment dynamics by vegetation as a key function driving biogeomorphic succession within fluvial corridors

Riparian vegetation responds to hydrogeomorphic disturbances and environmental changes and also controls these changes. Here, we propose that the control of sediment erosion and deposition by riparian vegetation is a key geomorphological and ecological (i.e. biogeomorphic) function within fluvial corridors. In a 3 year study, we investigated the correlations between riparian vegetation and hydrogeomorphic dynamics along a transverse gradient from the main channel to the floodplain of the River Tech, France. Sediment erosion and deposition rates varied significantly along the transverse gradient as a function of the vegetation biovolume intercepting water flow. These effects, combined with the extremely strong mechanical resistance of pioneer woody structures and strong resilience of pioneer labile herbaceous communities, Populus nigra and Salix spp., explain the propensity of biogeomorphic succession (i.e. the synergy between vegetation succession and landform construction) to progress between destructive floods. This geomorphological function newly identified as an ‘ecosystem function’ per se encompasses the coupling of habitat and landform creation, maintenance and change with fundamental ecosystem structural changes in space and in time. Three different biogeomorphic functions, all related to the concept of ecosystem engineering, were identified: (i) the function of pioneer herbaceous communities to retain fine sediment and diaspores in the exposed zones of the active tract near the water resource, facilitating recruitment of further herbaceous and Salicacea species; (ii) the function of woody vegetation to drive the construction of forested islands and floodplains; and (iii) the function of stabilised riparian forests to act as ‘diversity reservoirs’ which can support regeneration after destructive floods. Overall, this study based on empirical data points to the fundamental importance of sediment flow control by pioneer riparian vegetation in defining fluvial ecosystem and landform organisation in time and in space. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Green''''s function of the harmonic horizontal force applied at the interior of the saturated half-space soil

IntroductionThe wave propagation problems in saturated soil are very important for the civil engineering, geophysics and seismology. Biot (1956,1962) established the theory of wave propagation in saturated soil firstly, and hereafter many researchers have used Biot theory to study wave propagation problems in saturated soil. By using integral transform and potential function method, Philippacopoulos (1988) studied the Lamb(s problem of a vertical point force applied to the surface of saturate…     

背景噪声互相关函数多尺度成像研究

当前研究表明噪声互相关函数中成分较为复杂,其包含各阶频散曲线信息,传统从互相关函数中提取基阶频散曲线信息成像方法存在有效信号遗漏风险.因此,本研究不再提取频散曲线,而是直接利用互相关函数进行成像,系统研究了基于两个台站的噪声互相关函数数据处理、正演和反演方法.此外,在地震勘探中,如何划分地层网格,并选择合适的反演频段对于高精度成像具有较为重要的意义.因此,本研究提出了层厚和反演深度随频率变化的多尺度反演方法.在成像中首先划分较粗的地层网格,选择较低的频段反演得到地下大尺度介质结构,由于较粗网格虽然反演稳定且计算量较小,但分辨率有限,因此对反演大尺度结果重新划分较细网格,并选择高频段进行反演,这一策略可以减少反演参数个数,从而提高反演稳定性,并且降低计算量,同时可以从模型尺度提高反演的分辨率.实际数据处理验证了方法可行性.本文噪声互相关函数成像方法为仅能布设少量地震台站的特殊地区的探测（如月球、火星等地外天体）提供了更多选择,并且为复杂介质多尺度成像方法的研发铺平了道路.

     

磁层系统的能量输入、输出与日地耦合

用１９７８年和１９８２年３６个磁暴期间的太阳风、行星际磁场（ＩＭＦ）和地磁资料，分析和检验已有的两类太阳风－磁层能量耦合函数．结果表明：Ａｋａｓｏｆｕ提出的耦合函数ε能大致地预报亚暴和磁暴的发生。ε开始起重要作用时即出现亚暴；电离层能耗达到饱和值是发生磁暴的标志。ε与磁层体系能耗之间有接近于对数量的线性关系．用１９７８－１９８６年的资料，分析环电流和极光区电离层能耗在１２１个太阳自转周内的分布表明，日面上可能存在相对持久的活动区域     

两种震级标度讨论

分析论述了我国在测报近震震级和面波震级业务中存在的种种问题，用现行起算函数测算的ML随震中距存在系统偏差，近场偏低，远场偏高；此函数系统建立的方法有不合理之处，它不适于DD-1仪。用现行公式测算的MS与国际上震级水平不一致，总体趋势偏高；在90(距离上震级零点严重失控；用单一水平向记录计算MS是个原则性差误。需要用新的起算函数系统代替R1(()计算ML; 需要用新的公式取代现行公式计算MS。     

震源时间函数与震源破裂过程

简要介绍了现代数字地震学的两个重要概念。一个是震源时间函数，另一个是地震震源的时空破裂过程。首先，从地震断层位移表示定量出发，介绍震源时间函数和震源破裂过程的基本概念。然后，分别介绍两种从远场地震记录中提取震源时间函数和获取有限断层面上时空破裂过程图像的反演方法。     

以2000年4月29日河南内乡地震为例谈谈关于计算震级误差的有关问题

2000年4月29日河南内乡发生地震，地这次地震，河南地震局台网和中国地震局台网震级量度之间有一定差异。采用不同量规函数和尾波持续时间震级公式计算发现，它们之间所产生的最大差异可达0.5-0.7级。综合分析后认为，2000年4月29日河南内乡地震震级定为ML5.0级较为适宜。