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71.
Bent Hasholt 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2013,113(1):10-16
Hasholt. Bent: Development of Deltas in Some Danish Watercourses. Geografisk Tidsskrift 84: 10–16. Copenhagen, January 1984. Recurrent sedimentation has been observed in three watercourses in western Jutland where the slope of the water surface diminishes due to human intervention. The river bottom was surveyed by a scuba diver, the bedforms were described, and the grain-size distributions analysed. It is concluded that the sedimentation is due to the development of deltas. 相似文献
72.
《The Professional geographer》2013,65(2):156-161
California's excellent road system has provided unmatched mobility for most of the state's residents. Recently, however, constraints on construction of high-capacity roads have threatened the future of unrestricted auto use. California's transportation planners have therefore shifted emphasis from expanding the transportation system to increasing its efficiency. No concomitant change has occurred, however, in state legislation or resource allocation. As a result, rather than being an integrated process, transportation planning and implementation are fragmented. This paper examines the origins and implications of this situation and possible remedies for it. 相似文献
73.
《水文科学杂志》2013,58(4):905-920
Abstract A one-dimensional steady-state model was constructed and used to study vertical profiles of longitudinalvelocities in open channel flows through, and above, submerged vegetation. The eddy viscosity was evaluated by using the analogue of the mixing length theory. The model of water velocity profiles takes into account the surface roughness of the channel bottom and the drag exerted by submerged flexible stems. The verification of the calculated velocity profiles was carried out based on data obtained in laboratory experiments. The proportionality coefficients for the analogue of the mixing length formulae in both layers—within homogenous flexible stems and above them—were determined. 相似文献
74.
AbstractSmall dams fragment river landscapes, disrupting channel connectivity and impacting water quality and quantity. Although they impound volumetrically less total water than large dams, the ubiquity of small dams suggests their cumulative impacts could be significant. Documenting the distribution and characteristics of small dams is necessary to understanding and mitigating their impacts. In this study, we compare datasets of small dams in Oregon, compile a new comprehensive dataset, and document geographic variations in small dam distributions between different ecoregions. We used Oregon Water Resources Department dam and Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife fish passage barrier datasets to compare dam heights and contributing drainage areas between different ecoregions. Over 61% of Oregon’s land area is above one or more small dam. We highlight the location of Oregon’s small dams at valley margins, transition zones between flat plains and mountains, and areas of high population density. Given the hidden nature of small dams, evaluation of small dam impacts using public imagery is not effective. However, knowledge of small dam distributions given their association with landforms can aid in finding unrecorded dams, assessing approaches for evaluating their geomorphic impacts, and informing their management. 相似文献
75.
76.
Geometric characteristics and evolution of a tidal channel network in experimental setting 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
This paper reports on a laboratory study that aims to reproduce a tidal channel network, in order to enhance the understanding of the morphodynamic evolution of the channel characteristics as the network expands and finally reaches equilibrium. A high‐resolution laser system scanned the bed topography at different time steps creating multiple digital elevation models of the channel network. Two hundred and seventy individual channel segments are analyzed and cross‐correlated in terms of their width, depth and length. The laboratory results show positive linear correlations between depth and width as well as between length and width of channel segments of the network configuration at final equilibrium. In a downstream direction, channels appear to widen more than they deepen, indirectly a sign that discharge has a stronger control on channel width than on depth. In contrast to fluvial drainage networks that commonly display fractal and scale‐invariant behavior, the geometric properties of the experimental tidal creek network shows scale dependence. Channel attributes exhibit consistent patterns of exponentially decreasing abundance, with increasing creek length, depth and width. The nature of the observed exponential distributions within creek attributes (width, depth, length) allows for statistical predictability of relative creek attribute dimensions downstream and through time. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
77.
基于四川防震减灾信息网以及中国地震台网中心、中国地震信息网、国家地震科学数据共享中心提供的汶川8.0级地震目录资料,对2008年S月12日至2010年3月1日共1613次3.0级及以上余震的地震序列进行了时空分布分析。结果表明:汶川8.0级地震的余震大致可分为7个阶段,主震后18天应列为大地震强余震发生的警戒时间;地震序列的b值为0.751,印证了在类型相同的情况下主震震级越大b值越高的观点;地震序列的P值为1.117,与全球地震衰减速率相当;汶川地震的余震分布主要沿龙门山断裂走向北东向扩展,且具有明显分区性,自南向北分为南、中、北3区段,南区为地震起始破裂段,地震后期余震则主要分布在北区;震源深度分布在10~40km,集中在10~20km,表明龙门山断裂主要发生在中上地壳,且震源深度由南向北呈现逐渐变浅的趋势;震源深度扩展,南区呈明显脉冲状,中区主要是依次由15、30、25km深度向深、浅层同时扩展,北区余震深度分布呈“乙”字型,最后稳定在15km左右。 相似文献
78.
Anukul Buranapratheprat Tetsuo Yanagi Satsuki Matsumura 《Continental Shelf Research》2008,28(17):2509-2522
Seasonal variation in water column conditions in the upper Gulf of Thailand (UGoT) was analyzed by considering four major factors including surface heat flux, freshwater discharge, tidal and wind stirrings. The coincidence of surface heat loss, low river discharge and strong wind resulted in vertical well-mixing in December. Strong stratification developed in September and October due to large river discharge and moderate heat flux. Strong surface heating in April and May has a potential to generate strong stratification, although not as large as that in September and October due to low river discharge. Although no factors are prominent during January and March, and June and August, weak to moderate stratification results, because the influences of river discharge and surface heating are still larger than those of tidal and wind stirrings. The results of water column analysis based on monthly average data agree well with analyses derived from cruise data in the same months. Most analytical results correspond to the distributions of temperature and salinity from field observations. Disagreement, however, was found in December 2003 (cruise CU-2) when stratification in some small regions occurs in the distribution of water properties, but the water column analysis suggests vertical well-mixing. This phenomenon is triggered by non-uniform distribution of freshwater over UGoT, which is related to river discharge, monsoonal wind and current. Compared to a previous study regarding surface chlorophyll dynamics, water column conditions may be used to explain the occurrence of phytoplankton bloom in this region. 相似文献
79.
近50年来云南气候带的变化特征 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
利用云南115个气象观测站1961-2006年逐日平均气温求算稳定≥10℃积温.并对积温资料按年代建立与海拔、经度和纬度相关联的小网格推算模型.再应用地理信息系统(GIS)订正到0.01×0.01°网格点,得出云南5个不同年代细网格积温分布.在此基础上划分7个气候带地理分布图,并分别计算其面积.据此分析,近50年来云南气候带总体上呈现热带亚热带范围扩大、温带范围减少的变化趋势,其中以北热带增加最明显,增幅达到90.2%;而南温带减少最明显,减幅为12.5%.在年代际变化上,1960-1970年表现出热带亚热带范围减小,温带范围增加;从1970年后则呈现热带亚热带范围快速增加,温带范围减小的趋势.而1990年代以来是气候带变化最大的时期. 相似文献
80.
Víctor Leiva Antonio Sanhueza José M. Angulo 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2009,23(3):299-307
In this article, we develop a new model based on the Birnbaum-Saunders distribution that results to be both useful and practical
for environmental sciences. The density, distribution and hazard functions, moments and properties of this new model are presented.
A graphical analysis of the density is also provided. Furthermore, we estimate parameters, propose asymptotic inference and
discuss influence diagnostics by using likelihood methods for the new distribution. An illustrative example with real data
related to water quality indicates the adequacy on the new distribution. 相似文献