A Review of Catalogues of Chinese Earthquakes

In the past decade, the most authoritative catalogues of Chinese earthquakes and the most popular with seismologists in China are the following:(1) Gu Gongxu, 1983, Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes;(2) Min Ziqun, 1988, Concise Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes;(3) Xie Yusuou, 1989, Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (M≥ 4.7) from 1900-1980 with Uniform Magnitudes; and(4) Min Ziqun, 1995, Catalogue of Chinese Historical Strong Earthquakes. Earthquakes that occurred before 1900 are mainly documented in historical records.Since 1950s, more recent earthquakes were documented in two major compilations of historical records finished in 1956 and 1983-1987. Separately this effort resulted in two chronicles: two volumes for the first one and five volumes for the second one. The magnitudes are converted from the maximum intensity. These magnitudes, by convention, are connected with surface wave magnitudes. However, it is clear that they do not have any strict seismological definition.The period of 1900-1962 documen     

用Autolisp绘制高精度坐标方格网

通过对AutoCAD填充图案ANSI37的巧用,来完成任意图幅、任意转角的高精度坐标方格网的绘制,同时完成网格线的标注,内图廓、外图廓及图签的绘制,为机助制图提供了一种高精度、快速绘制坐标方格网的好方法。     

速度光滑对反射地震信号的影响分析

光滑处理使得单界面成为非均匀薄层,界面反射转变为层反射.为了探讨光滑处理的影响,以平面波作为入射波场,首先利用过渡层反射系数推导了反射信号的理论公式,然后就非均匀薄层下反射系数的计算问题,给出了具体的实现算法,并通过与经典Epstein过渡层反射系数解析结果的对比说明了算法的精度.最后在单界面及其被光滑后界面的对比分析中,得出了几点重要结论：随着光滑次数的增加,反射信号的到时基本保持不变,而反射信号的主频与能量呈减少趋势,其中信号能量在低光滑次数的衰减速率明显大于高光滑次数.     

Evaluation of pre-CHAMP gravity models `GRIM5-S1' and `GRIM5-C1' with satellite crossover altimetry

 The new GFZ/GRGS gravity field models GRIM5-S1 and GRIM5-C1, currently used as initial models for the CHAMP mission, have been compared with other recent models (JGM 3, EGM 96) for radial orbit accuracy (by means of latitude lumped coefficients) in computations on altimetry satellite orbits. The bases for accuracy judgements are multi-year averages of crossover sea height differences from Geosat and ERS 1/2 missions. This radially sensitive data is fully independent of the data used to develop these gravity models. There is good agreement between the observed differences in all of the world's oceans and projections of the same errors from the scaled covariance matrix of their harmonic geopotential coefficients. It was found that the tentative scale factor of five for the formal standard deviations of the harmonic coefficients of the new GRIM fields is justified, i.e. the accuracy estimates, provided together with the GRIM geopotential coefficients, are realistic. Received: 20 February 2001 / Accepted: 24 October 2001     

利用IRS-P6卫星数据制作遥感影像地图

本文介绍了以IRS-P6卫星数据作为信息源完成大兴安岭林区的遥感影像地图制作的方法, 通过试验初步认识到:利用IRS-P6卫星数据制作遥感影像地图,可以满足1:50000、 1:25000比例尺的平面制图精度要求,在一些专业和专题应用中可以放大到1:15000比例尺使用。     

方向观测后方交会的点位精度

以虚拟误差方程,经严密推证,给出了以方向作为独立观测值的后方交会点位精度估算公式。以大桥施工控制网为例,介绍了３个方向与４个方向后方交会的精度状况及其应用。     

空间直角坐标和大地坐标的转换

目前国内在空间直角坐标和大地坐标转换公式使用问题上 ,还明显缺乏必要的统一性。针对这个问题 ,本文作者在全面分析和比较国内外现有各种转换方法的基础上 ,重点推荐和介绍根据 Bowring研究思路导出的转换公式 ,这组公式既简单又具有很高的计算精度 ,能够满足各个部门的使用要求     

A multiresolution hierarchical classification algorithm for filtering airborne LiDAR data

We presented a multiresolution hierarchical classification (MHC) algorithm for differentiating ground from non-ground LiDAR point cloud based on point residuals from the interpolated raster surface. MHC includes three levels of hierarchy, with the simultaneous increase of cell resolution and residual threshold from the low to the high level of the hierarchy. At each level, the surface is iteratively interpolated towards the ground using thin plate spline (TPS) until no ground points are classified, and the classified ground points are used to update the surface in the next iteration. 15 groups of benchmark dataset, provided by the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS) commission, were used to compare the performance of MHC with those of the 17 other publicized filtering methods. Results indicated that MHC with the average total error and average Cohen’s kappa coefficient of 4.11% and 86.27% performs better than all other filtering methods.     

星系的基本面

基本面最早是在早型星系中发现的一种经验标度律,它是一个关于星系的有效半径、中心速度弥散度和有效半径内的平均面亮度之间的紧密相关关系.基本面对早型星系的形成机制、动力学演化理论等提出了很强的观测约束;不仅如此,它还可作为独立的星系距离测定方法,用于哈勃常数的定标和星系本动速度场的测量.对早型星系基本面的研究进展做了简要评...     

Introducing mapping standards in the quality assessment of buildings extracted from very high resolution satellite imagery

Many municipal activities require updated large-scale maps that include both topographic and thematic information. For this purpose, the efficient use of very high spatial resolution (VHR) satellite imagery suggests the development of approaches that enable a timely discrimination, counting and delineation of urban elements according to legal technical specifications and quality standards. Therefore, the nature of this data source and expanding range of applications calls for objective methods and quantitative metrics to assess the quality of the extracted information which go beyond traditional thematic accuracy alone. The present work concerns the development and testing of a new approach for using technical mapping standards in the quality assessment of buildings automatically extracted from VHR satellite imagery. Feature extraction software was employed to map buildings present in a pansharpened QuickBird image of Lisbon. Quality assessment was exhaustive and involved comparisons of extracted features against a reference data set, introducing cartographic constraints from scales 1:1000, 1:5000, and 1:10,000. The spatial data quality elements subject to evaluation were: thematic (attribute) accuracy, completeness, and geometric quality assessed based on planimetric deviation from the reference map. Tests were developed and metrics analyzed considering thresholds and standards for the large mapping scales most frequently used by municipalities. Results show that values for completeness varied with mapping scales and were only slightly superior for scale 1:10,000. Concerning the geometric quality, a large percentage of extracted features met the strict topographic standards of planimetric deviation for scale 1:10,000, while no buildings were compliant with the specification for scale 1:1000.