Characterizing geographical preferences of international tourists and the local influential factors in China using geo-tagged photos on social media

Understanding the geographical preferences of international tourists is critical for the tourism planning and marketing. However, it is not an easy endeavor to gather the corresponding information, given the absence of city-level tourism statistical data and high costs of participant survey. This paper characterizes the geographical preferences of international tourists using geo-tagged photos on social media (the Flickr in particular). Data are harvested for 333 prefecture-level cities in China from 2008 to 2013, and the intensity of photo sharing (IPS: the ratio between total number of uploaded photos and total area of the city/region) is used an indicator of tourist geographical preferences. IPS visualization shows the geography that tourism hotpots generally concentrate in regional capital cities and economically developed megaregions. More specifically, the East Asia and Oceania tourists exhibit more preferences towards the eastern coastal cities, while the Europe and North America visitors show increasing interest in exploring the western and northern places. Spatial regression is employed to quantify the local influential factors of tourists’ geographical preferences. It is found that international tourists usually consider the local economy, accessibility, infrastructure and cultural attractions when they choose their destinations in China. East Asia and Oceania visitors particularly appreciate the local economy and cultural attractions. Europe and North America tourists especially value the cultural attractions and local openness. The demonstrated methodological framework is not restricted to Flickr data, and it can be applicable to social media offer geo-tagging service. This paper is therefore believed to advance the applications of social media into geographical research.     

从地名看开疆文化在海南岛的传播扩散

开疆文化是一种开发，开拓边疆的文化，开疆文化的传播是通过众多文化要素的逐渐渗透，传输而实现整体状况改变的，开疆文化在海南的传播扩散及其历史影响则又可以从地名等文化要素的演变中得到反映，进而从一个侧面印证开疆文化在海南岛的传播，扩散及影响。     

清代移民屯田对新疆地名的影响

本文从移民地名、屯田地名、方位地名、方言地名等方面，论述了清代移民屯田对新疆的地名的影响。     

Urban Primacy before Mark Jefferson

The phenomenon of urban primacy has been much studied in the social sciences since Mark Jefferson introduced the term in 1939. It is less well recognized that many European and American writers of stature from the late seventeenth century onward had discussed the same phenomenon under other names, often that of a “capital” or its cognates in other languages. Their work attests to the wide currency that the concept enjoyed and offered many important suggestions regarding urban primacy's causes and consequences. Jefferson nonetheless remains a central figure in the history of the idea for having inaugurated the coordinated academic study of the topic.     

旅游目的地形象的空间认知过程与规律

旅游目的地形象的认知规律是形象定位及其传播策略的基础。从旅游目的地的地理空间属性出发 ,结合地理学关于地域空间的等级层次性和地域分异规律的基本观点 ,探讨了旅游者形成旅游目的地形象的基本空间过程和规律。认为旅游者对目的地的位置及其内涵等空间形象特征的认知 ,满足一种依据地域空间等级层次而展开的认知链过程 ,在此基础上 ,遵从旅游地形象认知的背景律、接近律、相似律及其形象替代等空间规律 ;而旅游者与目的地的距离 ,特别是感知距离以及旅游者所拥有的关于目的地的信息 ,分别对旅游地形象认知具有不同而复杂的修正作用 ;由于地域分异所形成的地方性 ,则成为旅游者对目的地形象之内容进行精确认知的基础 ,旅游者通过对旅游地的类型和地理文脉的认知 ,形成旅游地的类型形象和“地方性”形象     

吉林省中部A型花岗岩带的确定及其构造意义

吉林省中部，在伊通－依兰与敦化－密山断裂带之间，北起舒兰红石砬子，循近南北方向，南入蛟河拉法；一支转向永吉－伊通；一支转向教化青沟子－朱敦店；一支顺永吉－呼兰镇的两侧，即桦甸常山－富太河；磬石红石砬子－新锅盔山；发育了一条空间展布形态独具特色的Ａ型花岗岩带。它形成的时代为２３０Ｍａ左右。这是松（松散）－佳（佳木斯）－龙（龙岗）三个地块之间的活动带，从新元古代演化发展，由过渡型陆壳转化为成熟陆壳，结     

基于居民购物消费行为的上海城市商业空间结构研究

我国城市商业空间结构研究多局限于基于物质空间的中心地体系研究,本文以改革开放后市场经济转型及消费者因素日益重要的零售环境变化为出发点, 从居民购物消费行为空间入手,考察目前上海市的商业空间结构特征。本研究基于问卷调查及实地观察所获得的第一手资料,通过经验行为主义方法,总结出上海居民购物消费行为的一般特征,发现上海居民购物出行的空间等级结构较为明显并呈现扁平化的趋势,这与商业中心地的空间结构及其变化是相对应的;此外,本文创新性地得出上海市不同收入地区购物消费行为空间的等级结构特征,并发现了其与戴维斯模型类似的空间特征以及不尽相同的形成原因。     

基于Google Earth GPS控制点的可视化管理与应用

Google earth是一款用于地物的3维浏览、坐标查询、地标制作、线路漫游等功能的虚拟地球仪软件。利用Google earth对遵化市D级GPS控制点信息进行导入与地标生成,可以实时动态地管理和利用控制点信息,极大地方便了控制点在测绘领域的应用。     

Extending the Place Glacier mass-balance record to AD 1585, using tree rings and wood density

Recognizing that climate influences both annual tree-ring growth and glacier mass balance, changes in the mass balance of Place Glacier, British Columbia, were documented from increment core records. Annually resolved ring-width (RW), maximum (MXD), and mean density (MD) chronologies were developed from Engelmann spruce and Douglas-fir trees sampled at sites within the surrounding region. A snowpack record dating to AD 1730 was reconstructed using a multivariate regression of spruce MD and fir RW chronologies. Spruce MXD and RW chronologies were used to reconstruct winter mass balance (Bw) for Place Glacier to AD 1585. Summer mass balance (Bs) was reconstructed using the RW chronology from spruce, and net balance was calculated from Bw and Bs. The reconstructions provide insight into the changes that snowpack and mass balance have undergone in the last 400 years, as well as identifying relationships to air temperature and circulation indices in southern British Columbia. These changes are consistent with other regional mass-balance reconstructions and indicate that the persistent weather systems characterizing large scale climate-forcing mechanisms play a significant glaciological role in this region. A comparison to dated moraine surfaces in the surrounding region substantiates that the mass-balance shifts recorded in the proxy data are evident in the response of glaciers throughout the region.