Insights into the mechanics of en-échelon sigmoidal vein formation using ultra-high resolution photogrammetry and computed tomography

Two novel techniques, photo based reconstruction (photogrammetry) and computed tomography (CT), are used to investigate the formation of an exceptional array of sigmoidal veins in a hand sample from Cape Liptrap, Southern Victoria, and to provide constraint on models for their development. The accuracies of the photogrammetric models were tested by comparison with a laser scan generated three dimensional (3D) model. The photogrammetric model was found to be accurate to at least 0.25 mm and substantially more detailed than the laser scan. A methodology was developed by which 3D structural measurements could be extracted from the photogrammetric model. This was augmented with the CT model which, through its capacity to elucidate internal structure, was used to constrain the geometry and linkage of structures within the rock volume. The photogrammetric and CT data were then combined with detailed photomicrographs to evaluate the evolution of the sigmoidal veins in the sample.The angle between the sigmoidal vein margins and an inferred shear zone, as well as the orientations of the crystal fibres, were found to imply a rotation of >27°. However coeval pressure solution seams and older veinlets in the rock bridges between the veins were only found to have rotated by ∼10°, an observation not easily explained using existing models for sigmoidal vein formation.A new model is proposed in which a significant component of sigmoidal vein geometry is due to localised dilation caused by slip on the pressure solution seams. The process involves strain partitioning onto pressure solution seams, which leads to exaggeration of sigmoidal vein geometries. If not accounted for, the apparent vein rotation due to slip partitioning introduces errors into calculations of simple shear and volume strain based on sigmoidal arrays of this type. Furthermore, the CT data demonstrated that in 3D the veins are continuous and channel-like, implying a far higher degree of connectivity and fluid transport than is suggested by their 2D form.     

IMU/DGPS辅助航空摄影新技术的应用

 利用IMU/DGPS组合导航技术，可以在航空摄影的同时直接获取像片的外方位元素。试验表明，只要对IMU/DGPS与航摄仪的集成系统误差和漂移误差进行检校和改正，直接获取的像片外方位元素可以用于正射影像的制作和中小比例尺测图。本文首先讨论了IMU/DGPS组合导航技术和IMU/DGPS辅助航空摄影系统的工作原理； 然后，结合甘肃酒泉试验数据，重点分析讨论了IMU/DGPS和航摄仪集成系统的误差及其检校问题。     

A PRELIMINARY RESEARCH ON THE RIGHT-LATERAL STRIKE-SLIP CHARACTERISTICS AND THE STRUCTURAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE NORTHERN KUANTANSHAN FAULTS,HEXI CORRIDER,BASED ON HIGH-RESOLUTION IMAGERY

The sinistral strike-slip characteristic of the Altyn Tagh Fault gradually disappears near the Jiuxi Basin at the west end of Hexi Corridor, and the Kuantanshan Fault and the northern marginal fault of Heishan on its east are thrust structures. There are two faults distributed in the north of Kuantanshan, namely, the Taerwan-Chijiaciwo Fault and the Ganxiashan Fault, both are featured with obvious activity. Predecessors thought that the Taerwan-Chijiaciwo Fault is a thrust fault with low movement rate, but there is few detailed study on its horizontal motion. Is there horizontal strike-slip movement in the northern marginal fault of Kuantanshan? This issue has an important significance to further explore the structural transformation mode between the Altyn Tagh strike-slip faults and the northern thrust faults in the north margin of Qilianshan. Using high resolution remote sensing images and field work, such as combining with UAV SfM photogrammetry, the paper studies the strike-slip characteristics of the Taerwan-Chijiaciwo Fault and Ganxiashan Fault on the northern margin of Kuantanshan, and get two preliminary understandings:(1) The northern marginal fault of Kuantanshan is an active right-lateral strike-slip fault with thrust component, the horizontal to vertical dislocation ratio is about 3-4 times. Based on the statistics of dislocation amount of the gullies and terraces along the north marginal Kuantanshan fault, it is preliminarily estimated that the late Pleistocene right-lateral strike-slip rate is about 0.2-0.25 mm/a and the Holocene right-lateral strike-slip rate is about 0.5-1.5 mm/a. (2) The main driving force to the tectonics at the western end of Hexi Corridor, where the northern marginal fault of Kuantanshan locates, comes from the northward extrusion of the Qilian Mountains, which results in the right-lateral strike-slip of the northern marginal fault of Kuananshan and the thrust movement of several faults inside the Jiuxi Basin. The effect of the Altyn Tagh Fault on other tectonic structures is not obvious in this region.     

数字摄影测量系统的数据获取

随着计算机技术的发展,摄影测量由模拟摄影测量和解析摄影测量发展到当今的数字摄影测量阶段,本文介绍了数字摄影测量的定义、主要的几种系统以及作业流程。     

Gottfried Konecny:the influence in the global development of the three geosciences

PREFACE The paper contains a brief overview of the professional activities of Professor Gottfried Konecny,Professor Emeritus at the Institute of Photogrammetry and GeoInformation,Leibniz University Hannover,Germany,and his influence on photogrammetry,remote sensing and geospatial infor-mation science during his time at the University of New Brunswick,Canada,and at the Leibniz University.His work can be divided into educational,scientific,application,organizational,and work in international societies.Additional activities comprised of giving courses in various languages,consultancy activities,and various other cooperations which took place in many South American countries,in Africa and Asia,for organizations such as the World Bank,United Nations,German Space Agency DLR,to name only a few.Activities in connection with international societies mainly took place during Prof.Konecny's engagement in the Council of the International Society for Photogrammetry(ISP),renamed the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing(ISPRS),and the European Association of Remote Sensing Laboratories(EARSeL)Bureau.He was a key figure in bringing many countries and organizations to ISPRS as Ordinary and Sustaining Members.Professor Konecny has always been aware of the importance of international cooperation at various levels,also with sister societies such as the International Cartographic Association and the United Nations-Global Geospatial Information Management(UN-GGIM).His application activities span from the photogrammetry-oriented projects he was awarded in Canada,to remote sensing topics and geospatial sciences,combined with cartography during his Hannover period.His vision and endless effort are exemplary for a person who has always been devoted to the three geosciences mentioned above.Professor Konecny is the author of a number of books,journal papers and papers presented at international and national conferences.He has been a recognized keynote speaker at many conferences throughout the world due to his vast experience.This paper describes 75 years of a man who is an expert in fields which arose during his academic life.     

FAST单元面板面型检测算法研究

500 m口径球面射电望远镜(Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope,FAST)是一个超大口径的可动望远镜,有三项技术创新,一是选址,二是轻型馈源索支撑,三是主动反射面。在主动反射面上,单元面板的面型和面板的出厂加工精度对电磁波在反射面的汇聚有很大影响。FAST主反射面由4 600块三角形反射面板拼接而成,每块面板为边长11 m三角形,这对FAST反射面面板的测量技术提出了更高的要求。摄影测量直接在影像上进行量测,无需接触物体本身;所摄影像信息丰富,可以从中获得所研究物体的大量几何信息和物理信息;适用于大范围、多目标测量,效率高。目前世界上最大的射电望远镜,如GBT和ARECIBO都是采用摄影测量技术进行反射面面形检测。在对现有的面型检测技术调研并试验后,提出基于数字近景摄影测量的方法,对FAST反射面11 m单元面板的面型进行检测,数分钟完成反射面板面型的一次检测,测量精度达到2.5 mm,经过调整后的单元面板的面型精度达到了3.0 mm,结果表明摄影测量应用于FAST反射面单元面板面型检测是可行的。     

机载数字传感器ADS40的正射影像图生产技术

ADS40机载多波段数字传感器因为具有高精度POS系统以及直接获取数字影像等特点而备受业界关注。ADS40影像的数据生产体系比以往的生产体系有着明显的优势,介绍了基于ADS40广州市1：2 000正射影像图的测制技术、生产流程及成果管理与应用。     

ADS80航摄影像在省级基础测绘中的控制点布设方案研究

基于省级1：10 000基础测绘成图,以试验生产的方式探讨了ADS80数码相机航摄影像生产的关键技术——Level 0级影像空中三角测量和空三加密后的Level 1级影像立体测图,分析了不同影像地面分辨率、不同控制点数量和分布条件下ADS80影像的后处理精度,提出了ADS80影像在1：10 000成图中的控制点布设方案,结果可以为省级基础测绘生产提供参考依据。     

On accurate dense stereo-matching using a local adaptive multi-cost approach

Defining pixel correspondences among images is a fundamental process in fully automating image-based 3D reconstruction. In this contribution, we show that an adaptive local stereo-method of high computational efficiency may provide accurate 3D reconstructions under various scenarios, or even outperform global optimizations. We demonstrate that census matching cost on image gradients is more robust, and we exponentially combine it with the absolute difference in colour and in principal image derivatives. An aggregated cost volume is computed by linearly expanded cross skeleton support regions. A novel consideration is the smoothing of the cost volume via a modified 3D Gaussian kernel, which is geometrically constrained; this offers 3D support to cost computation in order to relax the inherent assumption of “fronto-parallelism” in local methods. The above steps are integrated into a hierarchical scheme, which exploits adaptive windows. Hence, failures around surface discontinuities, typical in hierarchical matching, are addressed. Extensive results are presented for datasets from popular benchmarks as well as for aerial and high-resolution close-range images.