最优化技术在集成预报中的应用

由Ｌ（Ｌ≥３）个预报方法确定的Ｌ维原象Ｘ１，Ｘ２，．．．，ＸＮ，确定２维象Ｙ１，Ｙ２，．．．，ＹＮ，满足其纵坐标与预报对象历史值离差平方和不大于原方法的约束，使误差Ｅ为最小，即得到既能客观综合原Ｌ个方法的预报信息，又能保证其拟合不低于原方法的集成结果。经Ｌａ－ｇｒａｎｇｅ乘子法变换，构造新函数Ｚ后，可实现在计算机上用单纯形法直接求解。     

制作1:5万TM影像图的关键技术

为了适应面广量大且需求仍在不断增长的1:5万专题调查制图的需要,我们采用数字插值放大、优化波段组合的光机复合处理技术,探索了1:5万高质量TM影像图的制作技术。本文介绍了制作1:5万高质量TM影像图的基本工艺方案及技术关键:(1)对TM图像磁带数据进行实数倍(2.28倍)双向线性插值放大,(2)在C-4500扫描仪上用50μm光点扫描获得比例尺为1:25万的潜影图像,(3)把潜影图像经显影、定影处理,再光学放大5倍,获得1:5万TM影像图。从我们结合有关任务先后在河北省南皮县、黑龙江省穆稜县和山东省莱洲湾等地区进行的试验研究看,均取得了良好效果。     

高纬电离层特性的实例研究

本文利用EISCAT雷达资料讨论磁层-电离层耦合的高纬电离层效应。研究表明,即使在夏季极昼情况下,磁扰期间的磁层过程对高纬电离层形态的影响也远大于太阳紫外辐射的作用。高能粒子沉降使电离层E层的电子密度大大增加;而磁层对流速度变大会使F层内电离复合加强。因而,磁扰时经常出现n_e（E层）>_e（F层）的情况。此现象不仅与宁静时完全相反,而且与中低纬电离层形态变化也有很大差别。     

浦东开发与上海城市地域结构优化

本文在详细分析上海城市地域结构现状、问题的基础上,探讨了造成上海城市地域结构问题的原因,认为开发浦东是上海城市地域结构优化的战略抉择。在利用浦东开发优化上海城市地域结构的进程中,必须考虑各种条件因素的制约作用,并制订出相配套的政策、措施等。     

由震群信息熵分析山东及沿海地区的地震危险性

本文利用震群信息熵概念,通过对山东及沿海地区16次震群的分析、研究,初步探讨了震群信息熵在该区地震中期预报中的应用及未来地震的危险性。同时,应用震群综合指标对1976年春在长岛发生的两次震群进行了分析研究。结果表明:1976年春在长岛附近发生的黑山、砣矶震群均为前兆震群。两个前兆震群所对应的大震是相隔4、5个月之后的1976年7月28日河北唐山7.8级地震。     

Parameter identification in particle models

For the simulation of the transport of dissolved matter particle models can be used. In this paper a technique is developed for the identification of uncertain parameters in these models. This model calibration is formulated as an optimization problem and is solved with a gradient based algorithm. Here adjoint particle tracks are used for the calculation of the gradient of the cost function. The performance of the calibration method is illustrated by simulations and an application to a river Rhine water quality calamity in November 1986.     

一九八六年五月山东荣成小震群

本文详细研究了1986年5月25、26日发生在山东省荣成地区的震群序列的基本特征,通过分析得出,荣成震群具有频度高、能量低、震源位置集中、频度衰减快等特点。并计算了(?)、(?)波振幅比。利用(?)波尾波估计了七个地震的平均Q值为96。初步认为荣成震群是一次频发性震群,不是前兆震群     

An introduction to the application and future use of Th in aquatic systems

²³⁴Th is an extremely useful radiotracer of particle dynamics in aquatic systems. Its utility, however, has yet to be realized by many within the aquatic science community. The reasons for this may in part be due to a lack of knowledge of how this nuclide has been used in the past as well as how and where ²³⁴Th might be profitably applied in future research. The purpose of this paper, then, is to examine the variety of ²³⁴Th applications that have been used to understand natural aquatic processes in four major areas: vertical transport, particle cycling, horizontal transport, and sediment dynamics. We provide a general overview of the possible applications of ²³⁴Th in the hopes of provoking an increased interest in the inherent potential and future application of ²³⁴Th in these systems. We end this paper with a discussion of future research avenues in the context of three specific regimes: (i) the upper 1000 m of the open ocean, (ii) coastal sediment/water processes and (iii) large freshwater lakes.     

Tidal eddies in a semi-enclosed basin: a model study

A modeling study has been carried out to support a Marine Management Plan for the Gulf of Kachchh, India and here the hydrodynamic part of the programme is described. The hydrodynamic model accurately predicts the tides and tidal currents present in the Gulf and these have been validated with the measured data, albeit at only a few locations. The time averaged residual currents obtained from the model for one lunar cycle clearly reproduce the complex, small-scale, topographically induced flows with several eddies. The existence of a dynamic barrier along Sikka-Mundra section, which divides the Gulf into two distinct dynamic systems, is very evident. The model is further used to predict the movement of surface floating particles launched at different locations in the Gulf, as an aid to determining floating pollutants. The results indicate that industries discharging wastes upstream of the barrier should use extreme caution, as these will remain in the vicinity for at least one lunar cycle.