新疆地区降水现象仪平行观测对比分析

本文根据103个新疆气象台站DSG5型降水现象仪自动观测数据与人工观测数据进行对比分析探讨,获得了降水现象仪主要性能的整体情况,揭示出降水现象仪降水类型识别能力的个体差异;通过对比结果,给出疑误结果及产生原因,全面了解降水现象仪的技术指标和仪器性能,旨在为生产仪器厂家提供信息。同时,结合本地出现的特殊情况,给出确定可信的解决方案,为新疆正在开展的降水现象自动观测提供技术参考,以获取更加科学可信的气象数据。     

川西稻城地区竹鸡顶铜矿床花岗细晶岩的特征及其成矿意义

竹鸡顶铜矿是中国西南＂三江＂多金属成矿带的典型铜矿床,矿体主要产于花岗细晶岩体内,目前已圈定3个规模较大的含铜矿花岗细晶岩体,铜矿最高品位达11.42%。花岗细晶岩体微量元素表现为Rb、Th、U等低场强元素含量相对富集,而Ba、Nb、Sr、P、Ti则明显亏损,为轻稀土元素富集型,呈现中等负Eu异常的特点。认为该区岩浆可能起源于中下地壳,形成于滞后型火山弧环境。围岩蚀变特征及次生氧化带的垂直分带特征均显示出类斑岩型铜矿床的特征,Cu-Mo综合异常明显较弱,而Pb-Zn综合异常相对较强,推断竹鸡顶铜矿为热液-斑岩型铜矿床,地表处于含矿斑岩体的顶部,主矿体可能还有一定的埋藏深度。矿床除铜富集外,可能还有锌、铋、钴、砷等的富集。     

NetCDF物理海洋数据云存储技术研究

物理海洋数据具有多维、时空和海量等特征,主要以NetCDF结构化文件格式进行存储。然而,在分布式环境中,结构化文件存在数据块寻址困难、边界不易判定等问题,制约着大数据场景下的存储及应用。论文设计基于HDFS+Spark的NetCDF物理海洋数据云存储方案,首先采用HDFS分布式存储技术存储和管理物理海洋数据;并设计基于Spark并行计算框架的数据分片方案,复写读取接口获取分布式环境下的NetCDF文件数据块地址,实现了物理海洋数据的高效率存储与查询分析。选取中国海域100 a时长的物理海洋数据进行波高-周期散布图统计实验。结果表明:在数亿级记录数条件下,文中方法可将查询分析耗时由集中式文件存储方式的2 300 s缩短至50 s内,效率较集中式文件存储方式提升95%以上,验证了该方法的正确性和有效性。     

Parallel trajectory planning for shipborne Autonomous collision avoidance system

Collision at sea is always a significant issue affecting the safety of ship navigation. The shipborne autonomous collision avoidance system (SACAS) has the great advantage to minimize collision accidents in ship navigation. A parallel trajectory planning architecture is proposed in this paper for SACAS system. The fully-coupled deliberative planner based on the modified RRT algorithm is developed to search for optimal global trajectory in a low re-planning frequency. The fully-coupled reactive planner based on the modified DW algorithm is developed to generate the optimal local trajectory in a high re-planning frequency to counteract the unexpected behavior of dynamic obstacles in the vicinity of the vessel. The obstacle constraints, ship maneuvering constraints, COLREGs rules, trajectory optimality, and real-time requirements are satisfied simultaneously in both global and local planning to ensure the collision-free optimal navigation in compliance with COLREGs rules. The on-water tests of a trimaran model equipped with a model-scale SACAS system are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithm. The good balance between the computational efficiency and trajectory optimality is achieved in parallel trajectory planning.     

构建PC-Cluster系统实现精细数值模式业务运行

介绍了应用微机等设备构建PC-Cluster硬件系统以及完全应用免费开放软件配置PC-Cluster软件系统的方法,并以MM5并行模式为例,概述了并行模式在PC-Cluster系统的调试、运行技术。通过试验分析了PC-Cluster系统的性能后认为,PC-Cluster是一般用户高性能运算很好的解决方案,对提高我国数值预报业务和科研水平有重要意义。     

并行计算在遥感震害提取中的应用

本文概述了地震应急中遥感应用的现状和并行处理技术在遥感分析处理中的应用。 初步探讨了在遥感震害分析中并行计算技术的应用方案, 并采用比值法和相关系数法, 利用福卫二号卫星遥感数据对汶川8.0级地震造成的北川县城震害进行了震前震后变化检测并行处理。 将结果与专业图像分析处理软件的处理结果进行了分析对比, 在处理效果基本一致的情况下, 得到了较高的加速比, 缩短了遥感影像震害分析处理的时间, 为提高地震应急震害遥感分析处理的速度提供了示范。 最后还对方法的应用效果进行了讨论。     

非轴对称套管井中声场的并行有限差分模拟

本文提出了一种用于模拟非轴对称套管井中扇区水泥胶结测井100 kHz 3维瞬态声场的并行算法.采用时域有限差分方法,以及非裂化的完全匹配层吸收边界条件,基于信息传递接口(MPI)并行环境,在计算机集群上实现并行计算.对内边界上的差分方程进行参数平均处理,提高了计算稳定性.通过在轴对称情况下将有限差分模拟结果与实轴积分法计算结果对比,验证了方法的正确性.使用并行有限差分算法,模拟了水泥环有不同大小和在不同方位缺失时非轴对称套管井中8扇区的扇区水泥胶结测井仪的测井波形,并分析了套管波幅度随水泥缺失-换能器夹角的变化.根据模拟和分析结果,得到了非轴对称套管井中新的声场传播规律,并建议了一种用于反演水泥缺失大小和方位的方法.     

数据处理中潜在的多处理器体系结构和任务调度技术浅析

随着多处理器的产生,在多处理器环境下的编程要求也提高,程序必须适应多处理器的体系结构,发挥多处理器的优势。为了方便多处理器系统上的编程,必须提供静态或动态支持环境,以将单处理器上的串行程序往多处理器上的并行程序转换。本文浅析了目前已有的各种多处理器体系结构和任务调度技术。     

北京地区中尺度非静力数值预报系统的开发与实时预报应用

国家气象中心与北京市气象局联合开发并将于1999年底建成“北京地区中尺度数值天气预报业务系统”。作为开发的第一阶段,以PSU/NCAR的MM5非静力中尺度模式为基础,在国家气象中心IBM/SP2机并行运算环境下与国家气象中心资料源连接并应用北京地区加密地面观测资料,初步建成了“北京地区中尺度数值天气预报试验系统”（以下简称BJ-MM5V.1）。模式设计为垂直23层,水平分辨率分别为45和15km的两重双向嵌套网格。在IBM/SP2计算机上用24个节点作36 h预报所需机时为2 h 20 min,满足实时业务预报需要。该系统于1997年夏季进行了实时运行试验,可提供北京地区每小时降水量预报每3 h多种气象要素预报,预报产品在北京市气象局试用。结果表明,系统有较强的稳定性和实用性,对降水时空分布的预报效果较好。     

An unstructured-grid, finite-volume, nonhydrostatic, parallel coastal ocean simulator

A finite-volume formulation is presented that solves the three-dimensional, nonhydrostatic Navier–Stokes equations with the Boussinesq approximation on an unstructured, staggered, z-level grid, with the goal of simulating nonhydrostatic processes in the coastal ocean with grid resolutions of tens of meters. In particular, the code has been developed to simulate the nonlinear, nonhydrostatic internal wave field in the littoral ocean. The method is based on the formulation developed by Casulli, in that the free-surface and vertical diffusion are semi-implicit, thereby removing stability limitations associated with the surface gravity wave and vertical diffusion terms. The remaining terms in the momentum equations are discretized explicitly with the second-order Adams–Bashforth method, while the pressure-correction method is employed for the nonhydrostatic pressure in order to achieve overall second-order temporal accuracy. Advection of momentum is accomplished with an Eulerian discretization which conserves momentum in cells that do not contain the free surface, and scalar advection is discretized in a way that ensures consistency with continuity, thereby ensuring local and global mass conservation using a velocity field that conserves volume on a local and global basis. The nonhydrostatic pressure field is solved efficiently using a block-Jacobi preconditioner, and while stability is limited by the internal gravity wave speed and vertical advection of momentum, applications requiring relatively small time steps due to accuracy or stability constraints are run efficiently on parallel computers, since the present formulation is written entirely with the message-passing interface (MPI). The ParMETIS libraries are employed in order to achieve a load-balanced parallel partitioning that minimizes interprocessor communication, and the grid is reordered to optimize per-processor performance by limiting cache misses while accessing arrays in memory. Test cases demonstrate the ability of the code to efficiently and accurately compute the nonhydrostatic lock exchange and internal waves in idealized as well as real domains, and we evaluate the parallel efficiency of the code using up to 32 processors.