基于E1接口的时间同步系统关键模块设计与仿真

针对E1线路延迟稳定的优点,给出了溯源到GPS系统时间的时间保持模块,提出时间信息组合以适应E1线路不成帧的传输方式,采用HDB3码作为E1线路传输码型,利用FPGA芯片EP2C8T14418进行开发,设计了基于E1接口的时间同步系统关键模块,并对各关键模块进行仿真,结果表明各模块设计均满足时间同步系统的要求。     

Communication-based positioning systems:past,present and prospects

This paper reviews positioning systems in the context of communication systems.First,the basic positioning technique is described for location based service(LBS) in mobile communication systems.Then the high integrity global positioning system(iGPS) is introduced in terms of aspects of what it is and how the low Earth orbit(LEO) Iridium telecommunication satellites enhance the global positioning system(GPS).Emphasis is on the Chinese Area Positioning System(CAPS) which is mainly based on commercial geostationary(GEO) communication satellites,including decommissioned GEO and inclined geosynchronous communication satellites.Characterized by its low cost,high flexibility,wide-area coverage and ample frequency resources,a distinctive feature of CAPS is that its navigation messages are generated on the ground,then uploaded to and forwarded by the communication satellites.Fundamental principles and key technologies applied in the construction of CAPS are presented in detail from the CAPS validation phase to its experimental system setup.A prospective view of CAPS has concluded it to be a seamless,high accuracy,large capacity navigation and communication system which can be achieved by expanding it world wide and enhancing it with LEO satellites and mobile base stations.Hence,this system is a potential candidate for the next generation of radio navigation after GPS.     

四川盆地高石梯—磨溪地区震旦系灯影组储层特征及主控因素

经过数十年的勘探,勘探家们在四川盆地高石梯—磨溪地区获得了万亿方级的探明储量。为研究高石梯—磨溪地区震旦系(≈埃迪卡拉系)灯影组白云岩储层特征及成藏主控因素,开展了岩芯观察、薄片鉴定、阴极发光分析、物性测试、扫描电镜观察、主微量元素和碳氧同位素分析、包裹体均一温度测试、沉积相带划分、宏观构造对成藏控制作用解析等。结果表明:(1)高石梯—磨溪地区灯影组四段发育优质白云岩储层,包括泥晶藻云岩、砂屑白云岩和晶粒白云岩。(2)灯影组四段优质储集层遭受了桐湾Ⅱ幕的大气淡水岩溶作用和埋藏期热液改造作用,溶蚀孔隙广泛发育,平均孔隙度为4.8%,平均渗透率为0.5×10-3μm2,为"低孔—特低渗"型储层。(3)有利相带、白云石化作用控制了优质储层的发育和分布,多分布于裂陷槽边缘的台缘带内,尤其是藻丘滩相白云岩为研究区的主力产气层;埋藏期的热液白云石化作用改善了其储集物性和孔隙结构,主要证据包括:裂缝和溶蚀孔洞中可见各种热液矿物、溶蚀孔洞和裂缝中充填的鞍状白云石具有典型的雾心亮边结构、氧同位素组成"偏负"、流体包裹体均一温度平均值高达175.7℃、高含Mn和阴极发光下发明亮红光等。该研究成果对拓展古老碳酸盐岩油气勘探具有重要理论意义。     

东营凹陷民丰地区沙四段古水体量化恢复及其地质意义

正近年来,随着深层油气勘探的推进,深部地层研究越发受到重视,东营凹陷中深层沙四段是近年来重点勘探层位。基于ICP-AES元素、C-O同位素等分析表明民丰地区沙四段总体处于干湿交替的沉积环境,期间经历了多次的湖侵-湖退-湖侵的演变过程。沙四上沉积期总体处于局限的强还原-还原环境,沙四下总体处于相对开放的强还原、     

Late Cretaceous arc igneous activity: the Eğrikar Monzogranite example

The geochemical and Sr–Nd–Pb isotope properties, as well as the Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma and Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U–Pb zircon age, of E?rikar Monzogranite in the eastern Pontides, are primarily investigated in this study with the aim of determining its magma source and geodynamic evolution. The U–Pb zircon age obtained from E?rikar Monzogranite is 78 ± 1.5 Ma, thereby re?ecting the age of monzogranite. The I-type E?rikar Monzogranite comprises quartz, plagioclase (An_35–45), orthoclase, muscovite, and biotite. The geochemical analyses of the E?rikar Monzogranite indicate being medium K calc-alkaline, peraluminous, and resembling magmatic arc granite. The E?rikar Monzogranite is enriched in large ion lithophile elements and light rare earth elements relative to high field strength elements. Chondrite-normalized rare earth element patterns have concave upward shapes (La_N/Yb_N 2.47–8.58) with pronounced negative Eu anomalies (Eu_N/Eu* = 0.29–0.65). Initial εNd_(i) values vary between 1.85 and 2.18 and initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values between 0.7048 and 0.7067. Fractionation of plagioclase, hornblende, and apatite played an important role in the evolution of E?rikar Monzogranite. The crystallization temperatures of the melts ranged from 770°C to 919°C based on zircon and apatite saturation temperatures. The geochemical and isotopic data suggest being generated by the partial melting of ma?c lower crustal sources.     

不同光照对脊尾白虾生长、消化和非特异性免疫相关酶活力的影响

为了探讨光色对水生生物生长和免疫的影响,本实验研究了5种光照环境对脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)生长、消化和非特异性免疫相关酶活力的影响。结果显示:(1)全光谱组的增重率(WGR)(63.76%±0.34%)、特定生长率(SGR)(1.63%±0.03%)和存活率(SR)(61.11%±1.92%)均显著高于其他4种光色(P<0.05);(2)绿光组的糜蛋白酶活力(4.02 U/mgprot±0.38 U/mgprot)最高;全光谱组的α-淀粉酶(α-AMS)活力(213.95 U/mgprot±16.30 U/mgprot)最高,与绿光组和黑暗组之间差异不显著(P>0.05);黄光组的脂肪酶(LPS)活力(19.21 U/gprot±2.53 U/gprot)最高,与黑暗组、绿光组和蓝光组之间差异不显著(P>0.05);(3)绿光组的总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活力(33.26U/mgprot±7.08U/mgprot)和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)活力(2.31单位/mgprot±0.23单位/mgprot)均最高,与全光谱组之间差异不...     

Asphalt mounds and associated biota on the Angolan margin

Release of hydrocarbons from sediments is important in increasing habitat heterogeneity on deep ocean margins. Heterogeneity arises from variation in abiotic and biotic conditions, including changes in substratum, geochemistry, fluid flow, biological communities and ecological interactions. The seepage of heavy hydrocarbons to the seafloor is less well studied than most other cold seep systems and may lead to the formation of asphalt mounds. These have been described from several regions, particularly the Gulf of Mexico. Here, we describe the structure, potential formation and biology of a large asphalt mound province in Block 31SE Angola. A total of 2254 distinct mound features was identified by side-scan sonar, covering a total area of 3.7 km² of seafloor. The asphalt mounds took a number of forms from small (<0.5 m diameter; 13% observations) mounds to large extensive (<50 m diameter) structures. Some of the observed mounds were associated with authigenic carbonate and active seepage (living chemosynthetic fauna present in addition to the asphalt). The asphalt mounds are seabed accumulations of heavy hydrocarbons formed from subsurface migration and fractionation of reservoir hydrocarbons primarily through a network of faults. In Angola these processes are controlled by subsurface movement of salt structures. The asphalt mounds were typically densely covered with epifauna (74.5% of mounds imaged had visible epifauna) although individual mounds varied considerably in epifaunal coverage. Of the 49 non-chemosynthetic megafaunal taxa observed, 19 taxa were only found on hard substrata (including asphalt mounds), 2 fish species inhabited the asphalt mounds preferentially and 27 taxa were apparently normal soft-sediment fauna. Antipatharians (3.6±2.3% s.e.) and poriferans (2.6±1.9% s.e.) accounted for the highest mean percentage of the observed cover, with actinarians (0.9±0.4% s.e.) and alcyonaceans (0.4±0.2% s.e.) covering smaller proportions of the area. Asphalt mounds represent a common and important habitat on several margin systems globally and should be recognised in future environmental assessment and management of these areas.     

The Influence of Culture on Wildfire Mitigation at Peavine Métis Settlement,Alberta, Canada

This article presents findings of a study that explored how culture influenced support for wildfire mitigation in Peavine Métis Settlement, an Aboriginal community located in Alberta, Canada. Community-based research was completed using interviews, focus groups, and participant observation. The results show that cultural factors appeared to influence wildfire mitigation preferences. Participants indicated the current state of the forest was not natural, and that mitigation activities would likely improve forest health. Participants supported Settlement Council-led wildfire mitigation activities at both the residential and community level due to a preference for communal action and collective problem solving. Participants also were found to distrust “outsiders” and preferred programs developed by members of their own community. The results of this study show that wildfire mitigation programs based on local culture can be well supported in an Aboriginal community.     

Study of the feasibility of an aquifer storage and recovery system in a deep aquifer in Belgium

Abstract

The feasibility of aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) was tested in a deep aquifer near Koksijde, Belgium. To achieve this, oxic drinking water was injected into a deep aquifer (the Tienen Formation) that contains anoxic brackish water. The hydraulic properties of the aquifer were determined using a step-drawdown test. Chemical processes caused by the injection of the water were studied by two push—pull tests. The step-drawdown test was interpreted by means of an inverse numerical model, resulting in a transmissivity of 3.38 m²/d and a well loss coefficient of 0.00038 d²/m⁵. The push—pull tests identified mixing between the injection and pristine waters, and cation exchange, as the major processes determining the quality of the recovered water. Mobilization of DOC, aerobic respiration, denitrification and mobilization of phosphate were also observed.     

Geometry and dynamics of the freshwater—seawater interface in a coastal aquifer in southeastern Spain

Abstract

The contact between freshwater and seawater in coastal aquifers is studied using a relatively simple model for homogeneous aquifers. However, for real aquifers it is not so simple. The desalination plant built to supply water to the city of Almería is situated over the aquifer in the southern part of the River Andarax Delta. Its design capacity is 1100 L s^?1, and it is supplied from boreholes pumping water from beneath the freshwater—seawater contact in this aquifer. Well logs kept over a period of two years have allowed us to accurately define the interface geometry of the freshwater—seawater contact. Lithological data collected from 31 boreholes have also indicated the existence of strata with low hydraulic conductivity, within others of high conductivity. During a simultaneous pumping test of six wells with 690 L s^?1 total discharge, electrical conductivity measurements showed the influx of seawater 6–10 m below sea level and a drawdown of the interface in the piezometers closest to the pumping wells.