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邓肯-张E-B模型参数对软土路堤沉降计算结果的影响

有限单元法是计算路堤沉降常见的数值计算方法,其土体模型参数的准确性是计算结果可靠性高的保证。邓肯-张E-B模型是岩土工程分析计算中常用的一种非线性弹性模型。本文针对模型参数敏感性进行大量非线性有限元计算,得到了各参数与路堤沉降和侧向位移之间的关系,确定了该模型中影响软基路堤沉降和侧向变形的主要参数。     

基于Pocket PC 的海洋渔业调查数据采集

针对传统的主要依赖于纸质日志记录海洋渔业资源调查数据所存在的数据质量差、难以保存、作业效率低等弊端,结合Pocket PC移动终端的优越性,提出利用Pocket PC平台记录海洋渔业资源调查数据,并分别就近海调查和远洋调查数据采集提出了相应的基于 Pocket PC 平台的信息化数据采集解决方案。然后以大洋性鱿鱼资源调查为例,设计并开发了一个基于Pocket PC的海洋渔业调查数据采集系统。通过实践检验,该系统可较好地完成大洋性鱿鱼资源调查的数据采集任务,同时也表明了基于 Pocket PC的海洋渔业调查数据采集的可行性和优越性。讨论的数据采集解决方案和相关技术可为海洋渔业和海洋环境相关的调查数据采集提供信息化支持。     

FY-2E卫星和探空湿度资料的对比分析

利用2011年和2012年四川盆地和川西高原以及西藏的17个站点,地面探空和FY-2E星的相对湿度资料,对不同气压层的相对湿度进行对比分析,结果表明:卫星探测的湿度普遍小于探空的湿度,且二者相对湿度的差值有随气压层高度的变化呈现抛物线变化趋势;两种资料的相关系数在0.03~0.60之间变化;两种资料的平均相关系数在低层小于高层,300、400hPa和500hPa层的平均相关系数明显高于700、850hPa和925hPa层;两种资料相对湿度的平均相关系数和台站的海拔高度呈三次方的关系;高气压层的日平均相关系数大于低气压层的日平均相关系数。      

Long-term stability of planetary orbits between Jupiter and Saturn

We extend our two previous studies on the existence of stable orbits in the Solar System by examining the domain between Jupiter and Saturn. We place (1) a massless object, (2) a Moon-mass object, (3) a Mars-mass object, (4) an Earth-mass object, and (5) a Uranus-mass object in the said region. Note that these objects are considered separately in the framework of our simulations. Our goal is to explore the orbital stability of those objects. We employ the Lie-integration method, which is fast and well established, allowing us to solve the respective differential equations for the $N$-body system. Hence, we consider the celestial bodies spanning from Jupiter to Neptune, including the aforementioned test object, the main focus for our model simulations. The integrations indicate that in some models the test objects placed in the region between Jupiter and Saturn reside in that region for more than 600 Myr. Between 5 and 10 au, mean-motion resonances (MMRs) take place acting upon the test objects akin to simulations of Paper I and II. Our models indicate relatively small differences for the long-term stability of the five test objects notwithstanding their vastly different masses. Generally, it is found that between $a_{\text{ini}}=7.04$ and 7.13 au the orbits become unstable mostly within 5 million years and further out, that is, up to $a_{\text{ini}}=7.29$ au, the duration of stability lengthens to up to hundreds of millions of years.     

历史时期广东地区旱涝灾害与气候变化关系

通过对广东旱涝及冻灾史料的整理分析,采用相关分析、波谱分析等方法对历史时期广东旱涝灾害发生规律及其与厄尔尼诺事件、太阳活动的可能关系进行探讨。分析认为:1)从历史时期看,广东的湿润指数与其旱涝灾害的发生密切相关,寒冷指数越高(气温越低),旱涝灾害的发生越频繁。2)厄尔尼诺事件对广东整体旱涝灾害影响不大。3)在不同的历史时期,各指标序列具有相同或相似的周期。结合已有的研究认为,太阳辐射对气候的驱动可能是产生上述相同或相似周期的根本原因。4)对湿润指数的多尺度分析表明,自2000(±5)年广东地区开始进入偏旱期,偏旱状况将一直持续到2040(±5)年。从120 a尺度看,本世纪广东将处于偏涝阶段,预计2040(±5)年后将有较大强度的偏涝期出现,而且在未来几十甚至百年内旱涝变化幅度有增大的趋势。     

Comparison Between Four Methods for Data Fusion of ETM＋ Multispectral and Pan Images

Four data fusion methods, principle component transform (PCT), brovey transform (BT), smoothing filter-based intensity modulation(SFIM), and hue, saturation, intensity (HSI), are used to merge Landsat--7 ETMq- multispectral bands with ETM panchromatic band. Each of them improves the spatial resolution effectively but distorts the original spectral signatures to some extent. SFIM model can produce optimal fusion data with respect to preservation of spectral integrity. However, it results the most blurred and noisy image if the coregistration between the multispectral and pan images is not accurate enough. The spectral integrity for all methods is preserved better if the original multispectral images are within the spectral range of ETM pan image.     

Upper Palaeozoic subduction/accretion processes in the closure of Palaeotethys: Evidence from the Chios Melange (E Greece), the Karaburun Melange (W Turkey) and the Teke Dere Unit (SW Turkey)

During Late Palaeozoic time a wide ocean, known as Palaeotethys, separated the future Eurasian and African continents. This ocean closed in Europe in the west during the Variscan orogeny, whereas in Asia further east it remained open and evolved into the Mesozoic Tethys, only finally closing during Late Cretaceous–Early Cenozoic.Three Upper Palaeozoic lithological assemblages, the Chios Melange (on the Aegean Greek island), the Karaburun Melange (westernmost Aegean Turkey) and the Teke Dere Unit (Lycian Nappes, SW Turkey) provide critical information concerning sedimentary and tectonic processes during closure of Palaeotethys. The Chios and Karaburun melanges in the west are mainly terrigenous turbidites with blocks and dismembered sheets of Silurian–Upper Carboniferous platform carbonate rocks (shallow-water and slope facies) and poorly dated volcanic rocks. The Teke Dere Unit to the southeast begins with alkaline, within-plate-type volcanics, depositionally overlain by Upper Carboniferous shallow-water carbonates. This intact succession is overlain by a tectonic slice complex comprising sandstone turbidites that are intersliced with shallow-water, slope and deep-sea sediments (locally dated as Early Carboniferous). Sandstone petrography and published detrital mineral dating imply derivation from units affected by the Panafrican (Cadomian) and Variscan orogenies.All three units are interpreted as parts of subduction complexes in which pervasive shear zones separate component parts. Silurian–Lower Carboniferous black cherts (lydites) and slope carbonates accreted in a subduction trench where sandstone turbidites accumulated. Some blocks retain primary depositional contacts, showing that gravitational processes contributed to formation of the melange. Detached blocks of Upper Palaeozoic shallow-water carbonates (e.g. Chios) are commonly mantled by conglomerates, which include water-worn clasts of black chert. The carbonate blocks are restored as one, or several, carbonate platforms that collided with an active margin, fragmenting into elongate blocks that slid into a subduction trench. This material was tectonically accreted at shallow levels within a subduction complex, resulting in layer-parallel extension, shearing and slicing. The accretion mainly took place during Late Carboniferous time.Alternative sedimentary-tectonic models are considered in which the timing and extent of closure of Palaeotethys differ, and in which subduction was either northwards towards Eurasia, or southwards towards Gondwana (or both). Terrane displacement is also an option. A similar (but metamorphosed) accretionary unit, the Konya Complex, occurs hundreds of kilometres further east. All of these units appear to have been assembled along the northern margin of Gondwana by Permian time, followed by deposition of overlying Tauride-type carbonate platforms. Northward subduction of Palaeotethys beneath Eurasia is commonly proposed. However, the accretionary units studied here are more easily explained by southward subduction towards Gondwana. Palaeotethys was possibly consumed by long-lived (Late Palaeozoic) northward subduction beneath Eurasia, coupled with more short-lived (Late Carboniferous) southward subduction near Gondwana, during or soon after closure of Palaeotethys in the Balkan region to the west.     

北京首都国际机场冻雨过程的模拟及其产生的可能机制

为了探讨北京首都国际机场冻雨过程产生的可能机制,利用NCEP再分析资料、风云2号E星（FY-2E）的云顶亮温（Black Body Temperature,TBB）逐小时资料及风云3号A星（FY-3A）反演的云顶高度日平均资料做为检验依据,使用美国非静力中尺度模式（Weather Research and Forecasting,WRF）对2013年1月31日发生在首都机场附近地区的一次冻雨过程进行模拟,得出以下结论:1）模拟结果中的云顶温度与FY-2E的TBB逐小时资料对应较好:此次冻雨过程,整个降水云系云顶温度在0~-6℃之间,模拟结果水成物的垂直分布也得到了较好的印证;通过FY-3A反演的云顶高度日平均资料的检验,证明此次冻雨过程的云高基本维持在3 km左右,而且云微物理固态项的含量少。2）云顶温度、云顶高度实况与模式模拟表明此次过程是一次典型的暖雨机制冻雨,这说明产生北方冻雨的可能机制并不单一,冰相机制与暖雨机制可以同时存在。     

柴达木盆地英西地区E32盐类矿物成因及油气地质意义

近年来,柴达木盆地英西地区渐新统E32获得了持续的重大勘探发现。基于岩心观察、系统的微观岩石学、矿物学以及地球化学分析,系统总结了柴达木盆地英西地区渐新统咸化湖盆中盐类矿物特征、成因及成藏作用：(1)英西地区渐新统E32 4种重要的盐类矿物包括石盐、硬石膏、钙芒硝以及天青石等,或聚集成为具有一定厚度的盐层,或以矿物颗粒形式赋存于基质碳酸盐岩中。上部的盐间油层组的盐层较厚,以石盐为主,下部的盐下油层组的盐层较薄,以石膏为主;(2)盐类矿物“低锰”的元素地球化学特征、与盐类矿物伴生的基质碳酸盐岩具有的“低温成因”的碳氧同位素地球化学特征、未见热液矿物发育的岩石学特征以及分布面积极广的平面展布特征均显示了盐类矿物为典型的咸化湖盆沉积型,而非热液卤水析出型;(3)“盐”在油气成藏过程中发挥着重要作用,包括盐类矿物对裂缝的充填和防止油气逸散的封堵作用、盐层因具有很高的毛管突破压力和塑性特征而具有良好的封盖作用、地层条件下促进白云岩次生孔隙发育的作用以及占据一定的储集空间的消极作用等。这一研究成果可为盐下湖相碳酸盐岩的油气勘探提供重要的指导作用。