Cadmium and phosphorus cycling in the water column of the South China Sea: The roles of biotic and abiotic particles

The concentrations of cadmium, phosphorus, and aluminum in size-fractionated phytoplankton, zooplankton, and sinking particles are determined using ICPMS to evaluate the roles of biotic and abiotic particles on the cycling and ratios of Cd and P in the water column. Plankton were collected with a filtration apparatus equipped with 10-, 60-, and 150-μm aperture plankton nets on two occasions (2002 and 2006), and sinking particles were sampled by moored sediment traps deployed at depths of 120, 600, and 3500 m from 2004 to 2005. In contrast to what our previous study revealed, i.e., that most of the other bioactive trace metals in plankton were strongly correlated with abiotic Al and adsorbed on phytoplankton [Ho, T.Y., Wen, L.S., You, C.F., Lee, D.C., 2007. The trace metal composition of size-fractionated plankton in the South China Sea: biotic versus abiotic sources. Limnol Oceanogr 52, 1776–88.], Cd/P ratios, ranging from 0.12 to 0.34 mmol/mol P, did not vary with Al and exhibited fairly consistent values among different sizes of plankton, showing that Cd was mostly incorporated on an intracellular basis. In terms of the sinking particles, fluxes in Cd and P as well as in Cd/P ratios were strongly influenced by both biotic and abiotic particles. Overall, the Cd/P ratios in the sinking particles ranged from 0.03 to 1.2 mmol/mol, with the highest value observed in traps at 120 m during the productive season. The lowest value was observed in deep water during high flux periods for lithogenic particles. At surface depth, flux and Cd/P ratios were elevated during the most productive season in the region. The elevated ratios in the traps at 120 m were most likely related to preferential uptake of Cd for the dominant species (coccolithophores) during the productive period. Relatively, Cd/P ratios sharply decreased with increasing Al flux in deep water and ratios were much lower than the expected Cd/P ratios obtained from the relative portion of lithogenic and biogenic particles, indicating that the adsorption of soluble P into lithogenic particles was significant in the deep water during high lithogenic particle flux periods. Using averaged annual fluxes and standing stock in the water column, the residence time of biogenic Cd and P are 0.10 and 0.20, 250 and 100, and 9100 and 5000 years respectively in the top 120 m, 600 m, and water column as a whole, also showing preferential removal for Cd in the euphotic zone but relatively higher removal rates for P in the deep water. Our study suggests that the shift in microalgal community structure along with input of lithogenic minerals are both potentially important factors in influencing Cd/P ratios in oceanic water on a geological time scale.     

新旧地形图编号及范围解算方法

在深入分析新、旧地形图分幅及编号规则的基础上,建立了新地形图编号算法模型、新地形图图幅范围解算模型以及新、旧地形图编号转换算法模型。解决了地形图编号的快速检索与图幅范围解算等问题。     

GPS现代化后L2C的信号质量分析

分析了L2C码的主要作用,比较了GPS现代化后L2载波信噪比的变化特点,阐述了伪距观测值的噪声水平。     

混合式全球网格划分方法及编码研究

根据基于多面体剖分的球面网格划分方案和基于地理坐标的等间隔网格划分方案的优缺点及地图投影的特点,提出了一种混合式全球网格划分方法。这种划分方法将全球分成了六个面片,每个面片的每一边都是90°,其中四个面片处于南北纬45°之间,以等距离圆柱投影为基础,采用矩形网格覆盖;两个面片处于高纬地区,以极地正方形变换为基础,采用不规则四边形网格覆盖。详细地阐述了网格的编码策略及存储方式,并给出了网格编码与地理坐标之间的相互转换方法。     

基于Hilbert排列码与R树的海量LIDAR点云索引

本文分析当前索引方法存在问题,针对高效海量点云数据的要求,提出一种基于Hilbert码与R树的二级索引方法。论文阐述了二级索引的建立原理与方法,可通过聚类方法与R树度M值来的优化第一级索引;使用Hilbert R树作为第二索引,可以有效控制两级R树的高度,同时点云的增加与更新可只在局部进行。最后本文通过两组实验来验证该数据组织方法的可行性和跟其他索引(KD树与四叉树)进行比较,得出它是一种高效管理海量点云的方法。     

基于地理要素编码的数字地形图入库方法实现及应用

目前建设城市基础地理信息系统的主要数据来源是各城市已经采集的不同比例尺的数字化地形图,而数字化地形图不能直接被GIS软件操作。本研究从实际出发,提出基于地理要素编码的数字地形图入库设计方法,将ArcGIS Engine和Objects Arx2007相结合进行嵌入式二次开发,利用C#,在.NET2005平台下得以实现,并在某城市的基础地理信息系统建设中得到实际应用。     

使用纵波和横波走时层析成像研究菲律宾海板块西边缘带和南海地区的深部结构

使用纵波震相及同台同源纵波和横波震相的走时资料及层析成像反演方法,分别给出了菲律宾海板块(PHP)和南海地区的纵波速度V_pf及同台同源的纵波和横波速度V_p和V_s结构. 结果表明,（1） PHP与欧亚板块(EUAP)的俯冲接触关系随地段而异,在琉球海沟,PHP向EUAP之下俯冲深达400 km;在台湾岛,EUAP先近陡直地俯冲到深度400 km,然后折向PHP之下达到660 km左右;在马尼拉海沟北段,俯冲板片几乎垂直达到660 km附近;在菲律宾海沟,PHP向EUAP之下的俯冲深度超过660 km．（2）南海地区之下是一个深达300～400 km的宽阔低速区,并且大致在莺琼海盆与700 km深处另一低速区曲折相通;在该宽阔低速区内部,有两个小而明显的低速区分别在海口火山和珠江口盆地下方．（3）对V_p和V_s及据其算出的容声速度V_b作分析发现,V_s和V_b的平均扰动量对深度的变化在一些深度范围内是反向的;年龄较大的太平洋板块俯冲体的V_s相对扰动量的平均值大于V_b的,而在较年轻的PHP俯冲体中则正好相反．     

利用克里金技术标定新疆及附近地区P/S震相幅值比及其在地震事件识别中的应用

针对中国的乌鲁木齐台（WMQ）和哈萨克斯坦的马坎奇台（MAK）,采用贝叶斯克里金技术建立了新疆及附近地区地震事件的震相幅值比的校正曲面,并分析了校正曲面与地震波传播路径的关系,以及校正曲面对于改善震相幅值比判据识别效果的有效性.分析结果表明,建立的校正曲面基本合理,结合传播路径差异和地震波传播规律,能够较好地解释校正曲面的起伏特征. 而且,在传播路径差异较大,使得震相幅值比经震中距校正后离散度仍然较高的情况下,利用校正曲面修正震相幅值比,可以进一步降低其离散度,从而改善判据的识别效果.经校正曲面修正后,对天然地震的误识率由16.3%下降为5.2％.      

球面退化四叉树格网的剖分及变形分析

为有效解决经纬度格网与四元三角网(QTM)在全球空间数据管理与操作中存在的不足,提出一种新的全球离散格网剖分方法——球面退化四叉树格网(DQG),给出该格网的剖分原理与编码规则,并对其进行几何变形计算与分析。结果表明:DQG既具有经纬度格网结构简单的特征,又具有QTM几何变形稳定等优点。