拱星OH脉泽辐射频谱的双峰结构和多重分离的膨胀拱星壳

对一些OH／IR星的拱星OH脉泽的观测结果表明,在双峰结构谱线轮廓上常常可以发现一些小峰叠加在双峰上,即在谱线轮廓的双峰结构中的每个峰是由几个小峰叠加而成的．从脉泽的辐射转移方程和拱星包层的速度结构出发,研究拱星OH脉泽辐射频谱的轮廓特征,提出多重分离的膨胀拱星亮模型,很好地解释了双峰结构的奇特观测现象．     

陆生蜗牛壳体碳氧同位素组成与气候

陆生蜗牛响应气候环境变化敏感,其壳体化石碳氧同位素组成（δ¹³C和δ¹⁸O）具有重建古生态和古大气水文条件的巨大潜力。然而目前针对中国黄土古土壤沉积序列中蜗牛化石碳氧同位素组成开展的古环境古气候重建研究却仍然不足,根源在于对蜗牛壳体δ¹³C和δ¹⁸O指标气候意义的认识仍不明确。文章从现代过程研究着手,综述了目前有关蜗牛壳体δ¹³C和δ¹⁸O气候环境意义的研究进展,并指出各自指标存在受控因子的复杂性和多解性等问题。通过总结这些研究认为：陆生蜗牛壳体δ¹³C值主要通过反映植物（尤其C₃）δ¹³C值变化来进一步响应当地降水量变化,进而指示环境的干湿程度,但同时需要考虑环境碳酸盐、大气CO₂等额外因子对壳体δ¹³C的影响;壳体δ¹⁸O值可以在较大程度上反映大气降水δ¹⁸O值变化,但同时需要考虑蒸发作用和温度等因素对壳体δ¹⁸O的影响;壳体δ¹³C和δ¹⁸O在作为气候指标时常受区域和蜗牛种属等因素影响。此外,还介绍了目前中国北方黄土地层中蜗牛壳体化石稳定同位素组成重建季风变化的研究进展和近十年来有关蜗牛壳体团簇同位素新方法的研究进展。最后,论文针对壳体δ¹³C和δ¹⁸O指标存在的问题提出可能的解决办法,并对以后蜗牛碳氧同位素古环境研究方向进行展望。

     

球近似艾黎-海斯卡宁均衡模型分析

针对传统的均衡重力异常方式基于平面近似,积分范围较小、计算公式的适用性受限、表征的信息量有限的问题,该文在球坐标下分析艾黎-海斯卡宁(Airy-Hesikanen)均衡模型。以计算点向径为半径,将地形分为布格球壳和粗糙地形两部分,计算其地形影响和均衡改正。在实验区,选用补偿深度21km、密度差0.678g/cm3的模型参数,采用该文公式和传统公式计算均衡重力异常,并比较分析其计算值。结果表明,以球近似Airy-Hesikanen均衡模型计算均衡重力异常值,在小积分范围以及平坦地区,与传统公式计算值的精度相当;但随着积分半径增加,球近似Airy-Hesikanen均衡模型计算值精度不断提高、变化更平缓,说明球近似AiryHesikanen均衡模型代替平面近似Airy-Hesikanen均衡模型应用于重力问题研究更为符合地球实际情况。     

Analysis of Error Caused by Replacing Spherical Shell with an Elastic Plate Model in Studying Bending Deformation of the Lithosphere

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＶｅｎｉｎｇＭｅｉｎｅｓｚ（１９４１）ｕｓｅｄｅａｒｌｉｅｒａｎａｐｐｒｏｘｉｍａｔｅｓｏｌｕ－ｔｉｏｎｆｏｒｔｈｅｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎｏｆｂｅｎｄｉｎｇｏｆｅｌａｓｔｉｃｔｈｉｎｐｌａｔｅｓｔｏｃａｌｃｕ－ｌａｔｅｔｈｅｖａｒｉ...     

Marine and limnic radiocarbon reservoir corrections for studies of late- and postglacial environments in Georgia Basin and Puget Lowland, British Columbia, Canada and Washington, USA

Models of late-glacial environmental change in coastal areas are commonly based on radiocarbon ages on marine shell and basal lake sediments, both of which may be compromised by reservoir effects. The magnitude of the oceanic reservoir age in the inland waters of the Georgia Basin and Puget Lowland of northwestern North America is inferred from radiocarbon ages on shell-wood pairs in Saanich Inlet and previously published estimates. The weighted mean oceanic reservoir correction in the early and mid Holocene is −720±90 yr, slightly smaller than, but not significantly different from, the modern value. The correction in late-glacial time is −950±50 yr. Valley-head sites yield higher reservoir values (−1200±130 yr) immediately after deglaciation. The magnitude of the gyttja reservoir effect is inferred from pairs of bulk gyttja and plant macrofossil ages from four lakes in the region. Incorporation of old carbon into basal gyttja yields ages from bulk samples that are initially about 600 yr too old. The reservoir age declines to less than 100 yr after the first millennium of lake development. When these corrections are accounted for, dates of deglaciation and late-glacial sea-level change in the study area are pushed forward in time by more than 500 yr.     

A Numerical Verification of Self-Similar Multiplicative Theory for Small-Scale Atmospheric Turbulent Convection

The self-similar multiplicative theory（SSM theory）, aims to interpret the scaling behavior of the temperature structure function. In the present paper, the author report results from a numerical simulation of atmospheric turbulent convection in order to verify this theory. The simulation was based on a shell model which was deduced from simplified atmospheric convection equations. The numerical results agreed well with the theory prediction of scaling law from the first order to the eighth order. They also showed that the prediction of this theory was better than that given by the Kolmogorov＇s theory in 1941, log-normal, and β model theories.     

西菲律宾海2万年以来浮游有孔虫壳体重量变化

为探讨2万年以来浮游有孔虫的壳体重量变化及其影响因素,对取自西菲律宾海MD06-3052岩芯的浮游有孔虫表层种Globigerinoides ruber进行壳体重量分析,基于氧同位素年龄模式,获得了2万年以来有孔虫传统壳体重量(WMS)和标准化壳体重量(WSN)变化特征。对比两种壳体重量指标,发现在本海区标准化壳体重量指标更为准确。结果表明,2万年以来,浮游有孔虫WSN具有不断变轻的趋势,整体表现为冰期时壳体重量较重,而全新世时壳体重量相对较轻的特征。末次冰盛期(Last Glacial Maximum,LGM)以来浮游有孔虫WSN变化曲线同大气CO2浓度变化曲线具有较好的相似性,推测在该海区控制壳体重量的主要因素为与全球大气CO2相关的表层海水的CO32–浓度。     

Scattering of elastic wave by a partially sealed cylindrical shell embedded in poroelastic medium

Scattering of an elastic wave by a cylindrical shell embedded in poroelastic medium is investigated theoretically with the assumption that the shell material is also a porous elastic medium. The porous medium is modellized via Biot's theory and the scattering by cylindrical shell is expressed by the definition of scattering matrix. The normal mode expansion technique is employed for analysing the scattering field, and the asymptotic solutions of displacements, stresses and pore pressure are derived. Two limiting cases‐scattering by a poroelastic cylinder in Biot medium and a elastic cylindrical shell in elastic medium are obtained from the general solutions. The dispersion curves of displacement amplitude at the interface of shell and medium is compared with the case of elastic shell. The scattering amplitude associated with the fast, slow and transverse waves are identified by numerical simulation. Furthermore, the influence of the poroelastic property of shell material on scattering amplitude is analysed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Influences of Oyster Shell Soil Conditioner on Soil and Plant Rhizospheric Microorganisms

Oyster shell soil conditioner had significant influence on soil and rhizospheric microorganisms in their biomass, respiratory intensity and nutritional requirement. It could stimulate growth of soil and rhizospheric microorganisms, especially nitrogen-fixers, and intensify soil respiration in proportion to the dose and fertilizing time of the conditioner, leading to the increase in the number of nitrogen fixing bacteria and the decrease in the number of bacteria with special nutrition demands.     

超声辅助酸提取-ICP-MS快速测定水产品中多种重金属

海洋环境中的重金属污染备受关注,准确测定海水中的痕量重金属,对保护海洋环境和人类健康具有重要意义。海水样品的高盐和重金属痕量浓度等特点给仪器分析带来巨大挑战,直接准确测定高盐基质中的低含量重金属元素是非常困难的,须经前处理去除海水中的大量盐分,并对待测元素进行富集,从而消除基体干扰,降低检出限。为实现海水中的痕量铅和铜的绿色分离与快速检测,本文采用吸附脱附的方式,将海水中铅和铜富集在椰壳生物炭上,再用超纯水反复冲洗生物炭,除去盐分基质,经硝酸溶解脱附,脱附液用0.45μm滤膜过滤后利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定,建立了生物炭富集ICP-MS测定海水中铅和铜含量的方法。两种金属元素在0.10～100μg/L范围内线性关系良好,线性相关系数均大于0.9995。海水中铅和铜,方法检出限分别为0.005μg/L和0.006μg/L,测定下限分别为0.020μg/L和0.024μg/L,满足《海水、海洋沉积物和海洋生物质量评价技术规范》(HJ 1300—2023)规定的海水质量评价要求。海水样品加标回收率在96.1%～102.3%范围内,相对标准偏差小于5%。本方法操作简便、分析成本低、绿色环保,更适合于基层海洋监测应用,也可用于高矿化度基体样品的水质监测。