岩石化学成分统计分析中的定和变量问题及其解决途径

用岩石化学成分数据之类的定和数组计算相关系数或用于多元统计分析时,由于恒定总数约束的影响,致使结果出现很大的畸变。本文通过定和数组及对应的开数组之间的关系确定了开数组的范围,进而导出“误差对应模型”决定了该开数组,使恒定总数约束影响得以消除,最后用云南金顶铅锌矿的岩石化学分析样作了上述处理,取得了良好的实际效果。     

城市空间信息基础设施建设结构模型研究

首先对WebGIS的发展状况进行了分析,然后介绍了Web Services的工作原理,给出了面向Geo-Services的城市空间信息基础设施建设的结构模型,并依据该模型对北京市基础地理信息数据库集成项目进行了典型研究.     

Opening GIScience: A process-based approach

Many scholars have demonstrated growing interest in GIScience in recent years, including use of open data portals, shared code and options for open access publication. These practices have made both research and data more transparent and accessible for a broad audience. This research may be open only in a limited sense for populations without expertise in the technology and methods undergirding these data. Based on two case studies using RStudio’s Shiny web platform, we argue that a process-based approach focusing on how analysis is opened throughout the research process provides a supplementary way to define and reflect upon public facing geographic research. Reflecting upon decisions we made at key points in each case study project, we identify four key tensions inherent to work in open GIScience: standardized vs. flexible tools, expert vs. community-led design, single vs. multiple audiences and established vs. emerging metrics.     

Three-layer model for vertical velocity distribution in open channel flow with submerged rigid vegetation

Based on the detailed laboratory experiments and theoretical analysis, a new three-layer model is proposed to predict the vertical velocity distribution in an open channel flow with submerged vegetation. The time averaged velocity and turbulence behaviour of a steady uniform flow with fully submerged artificial rigid vegetation was measured using a 3D Micro ADV, and the vertical distribution of velocity and Reynolds shear stress at different vegetation height, vegetation density and measuring positions were obtained. The results show that the velocity profile consists of three hydrodynamic regimes (i.e. the upper non-vegetated layer, the outer and bottom layer within vegetation); accordingly different methods had been adopted to describe the vertical velocity distribution. For the upper non-vegetated layer, a modified mixing length theory combined with the concept of ‘the new vegetation boundary layer’ was adopted, and an analytical model was presented to predict the vertical velocity distribution in this region. For the bottom layer within vegetation, the depth average velocity was obtained by numerically solving the momentum equations. For the upper layer within vegetation, the analytical solution was presented by expressing the shear stress as a formula fitted to the experimental data. Finally, the analytical predictions of the vertical velocity over the whole flow depth were compared with the results obtained by other researchers, and the good agreement proved that the three-layer model can be used to predict the velocity distribution of the open channel flow with submerged rigid vegetation.     

对矿物沸腾包裹体若干问题的探讨

矿物沸腾包裹体是矿液处在沸腾相态下被矿物捕获的包裹体,它具有不同形态、不同大小、不同类型混乱产出的特征,包裹体溶液含盐度高,均一温度变化大,有些包裹体可能含有围岩碎屑。温度、压力、盐度是影响矿液沸腾的因素。研究沸腾包裹体有助于研究矿床形成的地质条件和矿液运移方式,可提供找矿信息。均一温度用所测数据两极值或中值作为成矿温度均不恰当,应以均一温度最小的液、气相包裹体的均一温度作为试样所在处的成矿温度较为适宜,成矿压力亦采用这种包裹体所测得的压力值作为代表较为恰当。     

安徽马鞍山高村采场矿坑地下水疏干预测

根据马鞍山高村铁矿露天采场矿区地质及水文地质特征,对矿区的基岩裂隙地下水系统进行概化。结合高村采矿场历史疏干资料和观测孔的地下水动态观测资料,建立了矿区地下水水流模型。然后按照露天采场的开采计划,论证矿坑地下水疏干对策,分别对2个开采规划期进行地下水疏干预测,为安全开采和经济有效地防治地下水提供设计依据。     

一种室内实时定位监控系统地图可视化方案

针对大型室内场所实时监控系统面临的地图可视化功能不足的问题,文章结合室内定位监控系统需求,提出一种基于开源WebGIS技术的实时定位监控系统室内地图可视化方案,基于Web三层体系分别设计了室内地图符号化方案、管理方案以及Web监控端显示方案;最后设计开发了一套室内实时定位监控系统HospMonitor,并在医院进行了应用实验,能够实现对医院特定人员进行实时定位、动态追踪和查询分析等功能,该方案提升了现有实时定位监控系统中的室内地图可视化性能,可推广应用于大型室内场馆实时监控管理应用中。     

Geospatial web services pave new ways for server-based on-demand access and processing of Big Earth Data

ABSTRACT

Big Earth Data has experienced a considerable increase in volume in recent years due to improved sensing technologies and improvement of numerical-weather prediction models. The traditional geospatial data analysis workflow hinders the use of large volumes of geospatial data due to limited disc space and computing capacity. Geospatial web service technologies bring new opportunities to access large volumes of Big Earth Data via the Internet and to process them at server-side. Four practical examples are presented from the marine, climate, planetary and earth observation science communities to show how the standard interface Web Coverage Service and its processing extension can be integrated into the traditional geospatial data workflow. Web service technologies offer a time- and cost-effective way to access multi-dimensional data in a user-tailored format and allow for rapid application development or time-series extraction. Data transport is minimised and enhanced processing capabilities are offered. More research is required to investigate web service implementations in an operational mode and large data centres have to become more progressive towards the adoption of geo-data standard interfaces. At the same time, data users have to become aware of the advantages of web services and be trained how to benefit from them most.     

Free and open source software for geospatial applications (FOSS4G) to support Future Earth

ABSTRACT

The development, integration, and distribution of the information and spatial data infrastructure (i.e. Digital Earth; DE) necessary to support the vision and goals of Future Earth (FE) will occur in a distributed fashion, in very diverse technological, institutional, socio-cultural, and economic contexts around the world. This complex context and ambitious goals require bringing to bear not only the best minds, but also the best science and technologies available. Free and Open Source Software for Geospatial Applications (FOSS4G) offers mature, capable and reliable software to contribute to the creation of this infrastructure. In this paper we point to a selected set of some of the most mature and reliable FOSS4G solutions that can be used to develop the functionality required as part of DE and FE. We provide examples of large-scale, sophisticated, mission-critical applications of each software to illustrate their power and capabilities in systems where they perform roles or functionality similar to the ones they could perform as part of DE and FE. We provide information and resources to assist the readers in carrying out their own assessments to select the best FOSS4G solutions for their particular contexts and system development needs.     

基于OSGEarth的城市三维地物模型组织与调度研究

基于OSG开源工程采用可见性裁剪、LOD与动态调度等技术,分别对静态加载模型、静态加载LOD模型、动态加载和结合四叉树动态加载、瓦片式动态加载等进行试验分析,研究了城市三维地物模型的组织与调度方式,实现了基于OSGEarth城市三维场景构建,取得了良好的效果,为城市三维信息服务平台的建设提供空间框架和理论支持。