略论内陆沿边省份对外开放口岸的合理布局

开放口岸是我国对外开放的一个重要方面,对于地方经济的促进作用是有目共睹的。但是,由于多种原因,造成了我国口岸的布局出现了“多、杂、乱、小”等重复建设带来一系列问题,亟待解决。本文旨在对其调整战略进行探讨。     

NONUNIFORMOPEN CHANNEL FLOW WITH UPWARD SEEPAGE THROUGH LOOSE BEDS

The Reynolds stress and bed shear stress are important parameters in fluvial hydraulics. Steady-nonuniform flow in open channels with streamwise sloping beds having upward seepage through loose beds is theoretically analyzed to estimate the Reynolds stress and bed shear stress. Equations of the Reynolds stress and bed shear stress are developed, assuming a modified logarithmic velocity distribution law due to upward seepage, and using the Reynolds and continuity equations of two-dimensional flow in open channels.     

Experimental and theoretical investigations of drainage in horizontal rough-walled fractures with different correlation structures

Experiments on the immiscible displacement of water by air were performed in two horizontal artificial open rough-walled fractures with different correlation structures. The aperture field of the first fracture has a Gaussian variogram with a finite correlation length, while that of the second one has a power-law variogram, for which no finite correlation length can be assigned. We simulated the displacement process using an invasion percolation model, which takes the in-plane curvature of the interface between water and air into account. The correlation structure of the aperture field has no effect on the irregularity of the shape of the air clusters. However, the correlation structure in combination with the in-plane curvature influences the density of the air clusters and thus has an impact on characteristic properties of the flow. We analyze the model parameters and properties with respect to the fracture properties. The stochastic average of the air clusters for models with different curvature numbers and fields with different correlation lengths is then calculated in order to analyze their influence on continuum approach models.     

面向应用的倾斜摄影实景三维数据软件开发技术研究

针对倾斜摄影实景三维数据,从面向用户需求的角度,通过具体业务功能的实现,分析了基于Open SceneGraph与商业平台软件API两种开发方式的关键技术,完整比较了两种研发方式的技术特点。对推广倾斜摄影测量技术、扩大其成果应用范围具有良好的借鉴意义。     

南海潮汐的伴随同化数值模拟

把利用正交潮响应方法对 2 4 8个周期超过 6年的南中国海的TOPEX/Poseidon卫星高度计资料进行潮波分析提取的沿轨分潮调和常数同化到二维非线性潮汐数值模式中去 ,优化模型中的开边界条件和底摩擦系数 ,模拟了南海m1 和M2 分潮的潮汐。所用的同化方法是伴随同化。根据计算结果给出了m1 和M2 分潮的同潮图。计算结果与 5 9个验潮站资料的比较结果是 :m1 分潮的振幅和迟角的平均绝对误差分别是 4.8cm和 8.7°;M2 分潮的振幅和迟角的平均绝对误差分别是 4.3cm和 1 1 .0°,表明计算结果与验潮站资料符合良好。研究结果表明 ,利用伴随同化方法把TOPEX/Poseidon资料同化到潮汐数值模式中去对模式进行校正是有效的     

Transient response of harbours to long waves under resonance conditions

This paper presents the results of a study aimed at quantifying the time–response of harbour basins to long waves under resonance conditions. On the basis of numerical simulations reproducing long waves in the yacht harbour of Rome (Ostia, Italy), it shows that the results valid for periodic forcing waves, acting for an infinitely long time, as those provided by models based on elliptic equations like the Helmoltz and the mild-slope equations, can be misleading with respect to the more realistic ones that can be obtained using time-varying wave equations. Taking advantage of the similarity between the processes studied here and a simple one-dimensional resonator, a method is also proposed to roughly estimate a time–response parameter of each mode of the harbour, using results from steady-state numerical model results, commonly applied for studying harbour resonance in engineering practice. On the basis of further numerical simulations, aimed at reproducing schematic harbour layouts, the effect on resonance of the position of the entrance and of an outer harbour is studied. The results indicate that the effects of design solutions to reduce resonance, by placing the entrance at the middle of the harbour, or using the outer harbour as a resonator, can be correctly evaluated only when considering the time needed for the oscillations to fully develop.     

Suspended load in flows on erodible bed

Steady state suspended-load of sediment transported in flow over erodible beds usually is treated by the advection-diffusion approach, though in recent years, it is being treated as a two-phase flow phenomenon incorporating kinetics of sediment particles. Among the advection-diffusion approaches, Rouse＇s equation is the well-known, although a number of researchers in later periods have attempted to improve it by modifying the mixing length concept taking into account other aspects. In this paper, the advection-diffusion approach and associated logarithmic law of flow velocity are revisited. It is concluded from the logarithmic law that the Reynolds shear stress is a linear function of height above the bed, which reduces to bed shear stress in the case of a long horizontal channel. As a consequence, it is shown that the volumetric concentration of sediment is best approximated by the sum of two power laws of height above the bed. An equation is derived for the suspended-load transport rate in terms of elementary functions.     

3D Numerical modelling of flow divisions at open channel junctions with or without vegetation

The flow division at an open channel junction is affected by the inflow discharge and the downstream water depths of the junction. The growth of vegetation in a channel system is environmental friendly, but its effect on the flow in an open channel junction can be significant. In this work a 3D RANS (Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes equation) model has been implemented to investigate the flow phenomena in channel junctions with or without vegetation. The model is first validated by two cases: flow in an open channel T-junction without vegetation, and flow in a single open channel with vegetation. The model is then applied to simulate flow in an open channel T-junction with varying width ratio and vegetation density of the branch channel. The results quantitatively predict the trend of increasing flow in the branch channel with the increase in branch channel width and/or the decrease in vegetation density. The overall energy loss coefficient of the system, however, decreases with the amount of flow in the branch channel.     

应用OpenSees计算双钢管高强砼柱的水平力—位移滞回曲线

应用OpenSees计算外方内圆复合钢管高强混凝土柱（简称双钢管高强混凝土柱）的水平力—位移滞回曲线。分析了双钢管高强混凝土柱的单元和截面纤维划分。钢管材料采用双线性模型Steel02,混凝土模型采用Concrete02,圆钢管内和钢管之间的混凝土采用Susantha模型,考虑钢管对混凝土的约束作用,计算得到的水平力—位移滞回曲线与试验结果符合较好。在此基础上,应用OpenSees对双钢管高强混凝土柱进行参数影响分析,讨论了轴压比、方钢管壁厚（宽厚比）、径宽比、径厚比对双钢管高强混凝土柱抗震性能的影响。结果表明：增大轴压比,延性降低;增大方钢管壁厚（减小宽厚比）,水平承载力增大;增大圆钢管直径和壁厚,有助于提高双钢管高强混凝土柱的竖向和水平承载力能力,增大耗能能力。