遥感大数据条件下多星一体化处理与分析

中国对地观测数据获取量持续增加,已步入遥感大数据时代,开展多星一体化数据处理与应用已成为发展趋势。文章从成像处理与信息提取两个方面系统回顾了技术发展过程,剖析了现有前沿方法的优势和特点,指出成像处理领域建立统一处理模型、信息提取领域建立高效学习模型面临的主要挑战。在此基础上,结合实际应用需求,提出了遥感大数据条件下多星一体化处理与分析的新思路,重点阐述了多星一体化处理与分析的基本概念、科学问题与解决方案,通过构建基于生成对抗网络的多星一体化成像处理模型与记忆保持的多任务特征共享与小样本增量学习模型,综合利用不同卫星和载荷间、不同任务和目标间信息,实现高质量图像产品的生成与高精度标注结果的提取。文末给出了技术途径和初步试验验证,并展望后续技术攻关方向。     

西方“地方生产网络”相关研究综述

生产网络是西方经济地理学的研究热点之一。其对全球经济的透彻解析所形成的全球生产网络概念已受到普遍关注,而作为地方经济分析工具的地方生产网络概念却明显受到忽视。本文参阅西方地方生产网络相关研究成果,对地方生产网络概念进行了梳理和界定,从构成与形态、内部关系、影响因素、外部连接、学习与创新、升级和演化等方面进行了评述,认为地方生产网络将会在分析地方经济内部结构、外部关系和创新能力等方面发挥更加重要的作用。     

数字化地震前兆台网观测数据质量评价方法

为进一步提升我国地震前兆台网的管理水平,对数字化地震前兆台网观测数据质量进行快速而科学合理的评价,在现有各学科评比办法的基础上,开展了台网数据质量评价方法研究。通过研究获得了1套包含观测数据的完整性、噪声水平、固体潮汐效应、一致性等多方面的数据质量评价指标,在此基础上,采用规范化处理与加权平均等方法建立起台网数据质量评价方法。应用分析显示,评价结果基本能够反映台网的数据质量实际状况。     

Predicting forest fire in the Brazilian Amazon using MODIS imagery and artificial neural networks

The presented work describes a methodology that employs artificial neural networks (ANN) and multi-temporal imagery from the MODIS/Terra-Aqua sensors to detect areas of high risk of forest fire in the Brazilian Amazon. The hypothesis of this work is that due to characteristic land use and land cover change dynamics in the Amazon forest, forest areas likely to be burned can be separated from other land targets. A study case was carried out in three municipalities located in northern Mato Grosso State, Brazilian Amazon. Feedforward ANNs, with different architectures, were trained with a backpropagation algorithm, taking as inputs the NDVI values calculated from MODIS imagery acquired during five different periods preceding the 2005 fire season. Selected samples were extracted from areas where forest fires were detected in 2005 and from other non-burned forest and agricultural areas. These samples were used to train, validate and test the ANN. The results achieved a mean squared error of 0.07. In addition, the model was simulated for an entire municipality and its results were compared with hotspots detected by the MODIS sensor during the year. A histogram analysis showed that the spatial distribution of the areas with fire risk were consistent with the fire events observed from June to December 2005. The ANN model allowed a fast and relatively precise method to predict forest fire events in the studied area. Hence, it offers an excellent alternative for supporting forest fire prevention policies, and in assisting the assessment of burned areas, reducing the uncertainty involved in currently used methods.     

Innovation-support organizations in the marine science and technology industry: The case of Quebec's coastal region in Canada

This study examines the roles of innovation-support organizations in their acquisition and diffusion of technological ideas, solutions, and know-how throughout the marine science and technology innovation system. The research is based on a set of case studies that involved semi-structured interviews with directors and managers in three innovation-support organizations: Maritime Innovation (MI), the Interdisciplinary Centre for the Development of Ocean Mapping (ICDOM), and the Marine Biotechnology Research Centre (MBRC). Each of these organizations contributes not only to the development of the marine science and technology industry, but also to research and technology transfer in some of the key areas boasting the highest potential for technological commercialization and applications in the coastal region of Quebec. Central to this analysis is to show how these organizations operate and co-ordinate their activities, and how they formulate their technological and other standard services for the support of business development.     

Network approach for understanding small-scale fisheries governance: The case of the Chilean coastal co-management system

Recent studies have focused on the study of social networks among local resource users, but few have attempted to study co-management networks. The objective of the research was to assess the Chilean shellfish co-management system from an organizational network perspective. Starting with one detailed case study, representatives of 38 small-scale fisher associations from two administrative regions were interviewed to investigate: (1) networks of actors in each co-management case, (2) the functions of these actors in co-management, and (3) fisher perceptions about Chile's co-management arrangement. Results indicate that decision-making is highly centralized and power is concentrated in government, with little horizontal exchange and cooperation among fisher associations. However, the network approach indicates the presence of a rich set of players, some seven sets of actors by function. Grassroots management innovations are hampered by the existing co-management structure, suggesting that the system may benefit from a modification of the policy to allow greater learning-by-doing and flexibility.     

中国地震前兆台网观测技术系统整合

我国地震前兆台网先后经历了“模拟和人工”、“九五”数字化、“十五”网络化等3个阶段,目前并行运转着“模拟和人工”、“九五”、“十五”等3套观测系统,这增大了前兆台网运行维护工作的复杂性.2010年起开始实施的前兆台网改造升级工作,将“九五”、“模拟和人工”观测系统整体并入了“十五”系统.其主要工作内容包括台站接入改造、前兆专业软件升级和并网仪器历史数据的迁移等几个方面,以实现前兆台网3套观测系统统一的运行监控、数据采集、存储、交换、管理和服务.本文系统分析了前兆台网观测系统的现状和存在的问题,介绍了观测系统整合的主要工作内容、技术关键点、取得的成果和效益等.     

基于ArcGIS的城市排水管网GIS设计

城市的发展带动了市政基础设施建设,其中城市排水管网系统建设速度快、规模大,用传统的人工管理方法难以满足实际工作的需要,迫切需要建立现代化的排水管网信息管理系统。以福州市排水管理应用需求为基础,详细阐述了城市排水管网地理信息系统设计和应用。     

传感器节点环境能量的收集方法

探讨了太阳能、振动能和气流能等3种潜在的环境能量及其利用方法。这些方法可有效解决传感器网络节点需要足够持续的能量而传统的电池供能方式不能满足的实际问题。     

中国数字地震台网所使用的仪器及其传递函数的计算方法

2000年以来我国地震观测系统得到了迅速的发展,目前,已建成了由国家数字地震台网,区域数字地震台网,火山数字地震台网和流动数字地震台网组成的新一代中国数字地震台网。本文介绍了中国数字地震台网的仪器配置情况和各种仪器的主要参数,并结合我国数字地震台网中使用的地震观测系统,阐述了仪器传递函数的计算方法。