首都圈数字地震台网对微弱爆破信号的检测能力

利用首都圈数字地震台网接收人工地震信号,进行地下结构研究具有重要意义.但人工震源释放的能量小,激发的地震波以短周期为主,因此本文较全面地研究了地震台网对短周期微弱信号（1～20 Hz）的检测能力：(1) 分析了台网的背景噪声,结果表明基岩台址的地震台噪声比沉积盖层台址的地震台噪声低约13 dB,这相当于近1个震级的检测阈值;夜间的噪声比白天低约5 dB;噪声有逐年增高的趋势,2006年比2001年噪声提高约4 dB.(2 )分析了在台网内进行的药量为25 kg的陆地井下爆破实验,一次爆破相当于0.69级（M_L）的天然地震,有18个地震台可辨认爆炸产生的Pg、Pm或Pc波;离爆破点218 km的基岩台,仍可以接收到振幅只有1.6 nm 的Pm波,这个结果可为地震勘探实际工作提供参考.(3) 研究了台网外核爆试验的信号特征,2006年发生在朝鲜的地下核试验是一次检验台网检测微弱信号能力的好机会.波形记录经1～5Hz滤波后,台网中噪声小的18个基岩台可以清晰辨认核爆破产生的P波或Lg波,P波平均振幅为16 nm,计算的平均震级为m_b4.3,和NEIC给出的震级相同;分析还表明背景噪声是影响台站信号检测能力的主要因素之一.     

应用单台垂向记录进行区域地震事件实时检测和直达犘波初动自动识别

提出一种基于直达P波信号和其它背景噪声在能量、非高斯性、非线性和偏振特性的不同而进行区域地震事件实时检测的新方法信噪综合差异特征量方法（简写为EFGLP方法）,同时对比分析了应用信号的不同统计特性来精细识别震相初至的３种有效方法,其中的TOC AIC方法是新提出的．应用山东数字地震波资料处理的结果表明:①与常规的STA/LTA地震事件触发算法相比,EFGLP方法能够有效降低地震事件的错误报警率和漏报率;②与人机交互震相识别结果相比,当信噪比比较低、震相初至比较模糊时,3种震相精细识别方法中的TOC-AIC方法识别精度最高;当信噪比比较高、震相初至比较清晰时,基于VAR-AIC 和TOC-AIC方法所测量得到的震相初至识别基本一致．      

Optimization and capacity expansion of a water distribution system

This paper develops an iterative procedure for capacity expansion studies for water distribution systems. We propose a methodology to analyze an existing water distribution system and identify the potential bottlenecks in the system. Based on the results, capacity expansion alternatives are proposed and evaluated for improving the efficiency of water supply. The methodology includes a network flow based optimization model, four evaluation indices, and a series of evaluation steps. We first use a directed graph to configure the water distribution system into a network. The network flow based model optimizes the water distribution in the system so that different expansion alternatives can be evaluated on a comparable basis. This model lends itself to linear programming (LP) and can be easily solved by a standard LP code. The results from the evaluation tool help to identify the bottlenecks in the water distribution system and provide capacity expansion alternatives. A useful complementary tool for decision making is composed of a series of evaluation steps with the bottleneck findings, capacity expansion alternatives, and the evaluation of results. We apply the proposed methodology to the Tou-Qian River Basin, located in the northern region of Taiwan, to demonstrate its applicability in optimization and capacity expansion studies.     

基于震动台试验的数字强震动仪一致性研究

中国数字强震动台网作为"十五"重大项目中国数字地震观测网络的重要组成部分之一,是迄今为止我国投资最多、规模最大的强震动观测台网。由于台网采用了多种数字强震动仪,不同型号数字强震动仪的一致性程度直接影响到台网的观测质量。通过对台网所用5种数字强震动仪的振动台试验和结果分析,表明这5种数字强震动仪的一致性良好,能够满足中国数字强震动台网建设要求。     

中国地震前兆台网主要问题探讨

通过“十五”中国数字地震观测网络项目建设,中国地震前兆台网的建设和运行维护取得了巨大的进步,但也存在一些不足之处。本文从观测、运行和服务等几个方面对中国地震前兆台网存在的一些不足之处进行了全面分析总结,提出了对这些问题的解决方法,以供今后前兆台网建设时参考。     

Landslide susceptibility mapping using geological data, a DEM from ASTER images and an Artificial Neural Network (ANN)

An efficient and accurate method of generating landslide susceptibility maps is very important to mitigate the loss of properties and lives caused by this type of geological hazard. This study focuses on the development of an accurate and efficient method of data integration, processing and generation of a landslide susceptibility map using an ANN and data from ASTER images. The method contains two major phases. The first phase is the data integration and analysis, and the second is the Artificial Neural Network training and mapping. The data integration and analysis phase involve GIS based statistical analysis relating landslide occurrence to geological and DEM (digital elevation model) derived geomorphological parameters. The parameters include slope, aspect, elevation, geology, density of geological boundaries and distance to the boundaries. This phase determines the geological and geomorphological factors that are significantly correlated with landslide occurrence. The second phase further relates the landslide susceptibility index to the important geological and geomorphological parameters identified in the first phase through ANN training. The trained ANN is then used to generate a landslide susceptibility map. Landslide data from the 2004 Niigata earthquake and a DEM derived from ASTER images were used. The area provided enough landslide data to check the efficiency and accuracy of the developed method. Based on the initial results of the experiment, the developed method is more than 90% accurate in determining the probability of landslide occurrence in a particular area.     

山西大同数字地震台网监测能力分析

根据台网布局和实际使用参数,运用反推方法,对大同数字遥测地震台网和模拟遥测地震台网的监控能力进行了计算分析,粗定了数字台网速报表任区的范围,并对数字台网的大震响应能力进行了讨论,结果表明,大同数字台网的监控能力较模拟台网有了较大的提高,整个网内及网缘地震的监控能力为２．０级,网内大部分区域及东部网缘区域可达１．５级;数字台网对网内最大的测定能力为５．０级,网内南部区域可达５．５级;对于网内更大震级的地震,记录将全部限幅,测定震级困难,对山西北部５．５级以上地震要靠山西台网中北部台站来控制。     

试谈网络环境下图书馆职能的变化

从图书馆的收藏、整序、服务职能,论述了在网络环境下图书馆所有职能的变化趋势,阐述了在网络环境下图书馆工作人员和读者关系的巨大变化,指出读者对馆员的依赖逐步变为对网络的依赖,馆员对读者的当面服务逐步变为网上的服务,两者之间的服务与被服务的关系逐步从书刊文献的表面服务走向计算机网络的深层服务。     

全国地震通信网络系统建设中的若干技术问题

系统描述了全国地震通信网络系统构成和拓扑结构,简要介绍了在项目建设中遇到的一些关键技术问题,主要包括: 分组交换网(X.25)和路由器在联网中的应用;防火墙技术在全国地震通信网络中的应用;网络流量控制和记帐;域名管理和设置。     

全国天文大地网与空间大地网联合平差

天文大地网与空间大地网联合平差,对于检核、控制与加强天文大地网以及建立与扩展地心坐标系,都具有重要意义,全国天文大地网与全国ＧＰＳ大地网联合平差（Ｉ期）于１９９８年初完成,本文报告平差采用的原则和模型,并提出平差结果,通过联合平差,消除了天文大地网尺度的系统偏差,减弱了它的局部变形,改善了它的整体精度,更重要的是建立了由近５万个大地点坐标体现的地心参考系,其地心坐标的水平分量精度好于０．５ｍ。