Seismicity of the Koyna region and regional tectonomagmatism of the Western Margin (India)

Recent findings on the Meso-Cenozoic tectonomagmatism and deep-seated anomalous geophysical structures suggest a close linkage between the seismicity of the Koyna region, the Westernghat uplift (WG-U) and associated thermomechanical and fluid activities. The WG-U seems to be the result of late Cretaceous thermal mobilization, erosion of the Deccan trap cover and superposition of compressional stress. The association of seismicity with uplift seems to result from movement of deep-seated heat and fluids/volatiles along the edges (or boundary faults) of the uplift; because the force required for crustal deformation depends on the relief. Observed gradients in relief may be attributed to the differential erosion-rates and heat inputs, due to the time gap of 50 Ma in the break-ups and plume activities on the eastern and western sides and consequence magmatism. Further, the geology and tectonics strongly indicate that the western margin (WM) is a relic of a mobile arm (MA), that included Madagascar, and which formed a part of the Proterozoic mobile belt of greater India (fort>85 Ma). The mobile nature of the WM facilitates mantle upwellings and transient elevation of isotherms at depth, raising the possibility of intermittent metamorphism and greater deformation.Superposition of the ongoing compression and uplift-induced forces make local permeability and pore-fluid pressure vital in triggering the seismic slip over the Peninsular shield. Certain representative model calculations have been carried out to estimate change in the e.m. induction characteristics caused by an intermittent hydraulic connectivity. The results show a drop in the resistivity which could be a useful monitoring index. The close connection of uplift and fluid activity as discussed here seems applicable for other active parts of the South Indian Shield (SIS) also.     

Unveiling hidden migration and mobility patterns in climate stressed regions: A longitudinal study of six million anonymous mobile phone users in Bangladesh

Climate change is likely to drive migration from environmentally stressed areas. However quantifying short and long-term movements across large areas is challenging due to difficulties in the collection of highly spatially and temporally resolved human mobility data. In this study we use two datasets of individual mobility trajectories from six million de-identified mobile phone users in Bangladesh over three months and two years respectively. Using data collected during Cyclone Mahasen, which struck Bangladesh in May 2013, we show first how analyses based on mobile network data can describe important short-term features (hours–weeks) of human mobility during and after extreme weather events, which are extremely hard to quantify using standard survey based research. We then demonstrate how mobile data for the first time allow us to study the relationship between fundamental parameters of migration patterns on a national scale. We concurrently quantify incidence, direction, duration and seasonality of migration episodes in Bangladesh. While we show that changes in the incidence of migration episodes are highly correlated with changes in the duration of migration episodes, the correlation between in- and out-migration between areas is unexpectedly weak. The methodological framework described here provides an important addition to current methods in studies of human migration and climate change.     

Understanding the bias of call detail records in human mobility research

ABSTRACT

In recent years, call detail records (CDRs) have been widely used in human mobility research. Although CDRs are originally collected for billing purposes, the vast amount of digital footprints generated by calling and texting activities provide useful insights into population movement. However, can we fully trust CDRs given the uneven distribution of people’s phone communication activities in space and time? In this article, we investigate this issue using a mobile phone location dataset collected from over one million subscribers in Shanghai, China. It includes CDRs (~27%) plus other cellphone-related logs (e.g., tower pings, cellular handovers) generated in a workday. We extract all CDRs into a separate dataset in order to compare human mobility patterns derived from CDRs vs. from the complete dataset. From an individual perspective, the effectiveness of CDRs in estimating three frequently used mobility indicators is evaluated. We find that CDRs tend to underestimate the total travel distance and the movement entropy, while they can provide a good estimate to the radius of gyration. In addition, we observe that the level of deviation is related to the ratio of CDRs in an individual’s trajectory. From a collective perspective, we compare the outcomes of these two datasets in terms of the distance decay effect and urban community detection. The major differences are closely related to the habit of mobile phone usage in space and time. We believe that the event-triggered nature of CDRs does introduce a certain degree of bias in human mobility research and we suggest that researchers use caution to interpret results derived from CDR data.     

Study mobile underwater positioning system with expendable and multi-functional bathythermographs

The purpose of the current study is to introduce a set of mobile underwater positioning systems (MUPS) that will enable non-offshore vessels to execute underwater missions. Besides mobility, the system would also possess the advantage of having to use fewer acoustic instruments than conventional acoustic positioning systems. The method adopted by the system will involve the use of expendable and multi-functional bathythermographs (XBT) to measure the underwater acoustic speed and the depth of water at the same time. Then it must utilize the geometric relations formed by measuring the position of underwater targets at set intervals during navigation. In addition, since sound does not travel in a straight line when underwater, the iteration and convergence method must be used to perform corrections on the transmission speed and positional errors to obtain an accurate coordinate of the underwater target. After simulation testing, the positioning system established by the current study has proven to be fast in converging the error values along with high positioning accuracy of the system. The results of the study indicate that the MUPS built by the research institute can be utilized on a vessel, and will be very helpful in assisting the management of urgent underwater positioning missions.     

东川6.5级地震前的外部环境异常

1966年2月5日东川6.5级地震前3年震区周围降水量的大幅度涨落,震前1月内气温、地温的明显增高,震前1—2天霾和动物异常的出现。以及地震发生在近“望”时刻等环境变化,说明东川6.5级地震前既有地下热能输出,又受到地表动荷载和天体引潮力的激励,即东川6.5级地震是在地壳内外作用叠加下发生的。     

大同地区几次中强震前后的重力变化

本文对华北北环重力重复测量资料进行了分析研究，探讨了排除浅层干扰因素，提取与地震相关的重力变化的途径。以大同地震为例，详细分析了地震前后重力场变化，结果表明，其变化是明显的，远远超过了各项误差。     

山西地区几次地震前后的重力场变化

选取了山西测网1997年—2006年重力复测资料,主要研究了重力点值特征和重力场变化情况,认为,重力场变化与山西境内的地震有较好的对应关系。     

移动GIS技术在地质灾害数据采集领域的应用研究

移动GIS技术基于PDA(掌上机)及WinCE作为软件运行的软硬件平台,掌上机具有进行野外数据采集的很多独特优势。将这种独特优势与传统数据采集技术相结合,现场采集地质灾害数据,并以数字化技术延伸至野外,从而可有效地解决目前地质灾害数据采集面临的反馈信息严重滞后,采集信息不完整,在数据采集手段上存在的记录内容随意、记录格式不规范及野外使用不方便等问题。该系统采用ESRI的ArcPad Application Builder二次开发软件,对ArcPad进行面向地质灾害数据采集领域的功能定制,使系统集成了GPS或手工定点的空间信息在基础地理底图的显示、地质灾害点属性信息通过友好的界面实现录入及数据的入库以及野外采集到的空间及属性信息与室内ArcGIS软件平台顺畅的数据交流功能,实现了利用移动GIS技术与地质灾害预警预报过程中地质灾害数据采集的全程数字化操作,并摸索了一套完成的工作流程。这种技术的采用有望对传统野外地质灾害数据采集手段带来质的突破。     

亚洲砂岩型铀矿区域分布规律和中国砂岩型铀矿找矿对策

20世纪80年代以来,继中亚（哈萨克斯坦,乌兹别克斯坦）早所发现大量砂岩型铀矿之后,俄罗斯,蒙古境内又找到了许多大型砂岩型铀矿床,至此,亚洲已成为世界上砂岩型铀资源的最集中产地,已发现的砂岩型铀矿床大体上沿着南北分别为塔木－华北陆地和西伯利亚陆块所围限,西起西西伯利亚低地,向南经哈,乌,再折向东经阿尔泰,萨彦,我国的青,甘,内蒙,直到大小兴安岭和鄂霍次克海的近东西走向,向南凸出的弧形构造带分布,俄罗斯将其命名为中央亚洲活动带,我国一些学称其为蒙古弧,此带内产出成因迥异,类型众多的大型,超大型金,多金属,块状硫化物,斑岩铜（金）矿以及火山岩型和砂岩型铀矿,带内如此丰富多彩的矿产资源与该带独特的地质构造演化密切相关,今后应大力加强对此构造带的地质研究和铀矿找矿。     

辽南地磁场变化与地震

通过对辽南地区流动地磁资料的分析与研究,进一步加深了对辽南地磁场变化的认识。结合１９９７年以来在辽南地区发生的ＭＬ≥４．０地震,根据地震前后地磁场联台差变化,探讨地磁场变化与地震发生的联系。