Non-stationary covariance function modelling in 2D least-squares collocation

Standard least-squares collocation (LSC) assumes 2D stationarity and 3D isotropy, and relies on a covariance function to account for spatial dependence in the observed data. However, the assumption that the spatial dependence is constant throughout the region of interest may sometimes be violated. Assuming a stationary covariance structure can result in over-smoothing of, e.g., the gravity field in mountains and under-smoothing in great plains. We introduce the kernel convolution method from spatial statistics for non-stationary covariance structures, and demonstrate its advantage for dealing with non-stationarity in geodetic data. We then compared stationary and non- stationary covariance functions in 2D LSC to the empirical example of gravity anomaly interpolation near the Darling Fault, Western Australia, where the field is anisotropic and non-stationary. The results with non-stationary covariance functions are better than standard LSC in terms of formal errors and cross-validation against data not used in the interpolation, demonstrating that the use of non-stationary covariance functions can improve upon standard (stationary) LSC.     

全站仪水域面积测量及其精度分析

水域面积测量的特殊性,决定了采用传统的面积测量方法很难实时地得到水域的覆盖面积。全站仪提供的面积测量功能很好地弥补了这个缺憾并能够提供较高的成果精度。阐述了全站仪面积测量的原理与方法,对全站仪水域面积测量中误差的计算公式进行了讨论,并分析了水域面积的测量精度,得出了几点有益的结论。     

最短独立闭合环与附合路线的快速搜索方法

提出了一种间接平差误差方程转化为条件平差条件方程的快速且易实现自动化的方法,同时采用矩阵分析理论,通过对条件方程进行特殊的矩阵分块及变换,自动搜索出水准网或GPS网的最短独立闭合环与附合路线,并自动解算出闭合差。上述方法有别于传统的图论理论,不依赖于任何信息文件,算法简单,自动化程度高。     

半参数模型统计诊断与粗差检验(英文)

This paper systematically studies the statistical diagnosis and hypothesis testing for the semiparametric linear regression model according to the theories and methods of the statistical diagnosis and hypothesis testing for parametric regression model.Several diagnostic measures and the methods for gross error testing are derived.Especially,the global and local influence analysis of the gross error on the parameter X and the nonparameter s are discussed in detail;at the same time,the paper proves that the d...     

BOC调制信号多径误差分析

针对导航信号的多径误差分析,在多径误差包络曲线分析方法基础上提出了多径误差包络期望分析方法。与包络曲线分析方法相比,包络期望分析方法能够定量分析导航信号多径误差。基于包络期望分析方法,对同码速率的二进制偏移载波(BOC)调制导航信号与二进制相位控键(BPSK)调制导航信号的多径误差进行了对比分析。结果表明,BOC调制导航信号具有更小的典型多径误差。     

UCD航摄像片在大比例尺地形图中的应用

本文阐述了UCD数码航摄相机的原理、功能及优点,结合在生产中的应用实践,分析了UCD数码航摄像片的成图精度.     

轨道平顺性与测量精度

从轨道平顺性验收标准性切入,提出轨道平顺性对控制网的精度要求;指出轨道平顺性与控制点间的相对精度相关,与控制测量网垂直于线路的的横向误差及高程相关。     

Direct determination of tidal levels for engineering applications based on biological observations

The scarcity of tide gauges in a global scale and the variability of the tidal levels along contiguous coasts mainly due to changing hydrographic conditions make the determination of tidal levels, especially of the Mean Sea Level, not an easy task. Determination of such levels with a precision of about 10 cm, necessary for most coastal engineering works, is usually based on records of temporary tide gauges or on geomorphological techniques. In this paper we present an alternative approach permitting to accurately identify tidal levels with a precision suitable for civil engineering applications based on biological observations on rocky shores, including breakwaters and quays. More specifically, we present evidence that the biological zonation, i.e. the distribution of coastal species in well-defined sub-horizontal belts, is practically insensitive to seasonal and other small-scale fluctuations of the sea level and is clearly related to certain levels, mostly the Mean Low Water (MLW). This approach, somewhat similar to what has been used in the past (for instance for the determination of the geodetic vertical datum in the Republic of Venice, Italy, till approximately AD 1800), permits direct determination of the Mean Sea Level or of other tidal levels on the basis of biological observations without statistical analyses of tide-gauge records with an accuracy of 5–10 cm, especially in microtidal, low-energy coasts.     

高速公路接线处中线偏差的一个特殊处理案例

笔者结合高速公路勘测设计中的实践,介绍高速公路接线处中线偏差的处理及调整方法,介绍了其在AutoCAD中处理的一个例子.     

基坑及周边建筑物变形监测方案

结合某基坑变形监测项目,从观测墩及觇牌的设计、观测方法、精度估计等方面对基坑水平位移观测进行了介绍,并介绍了利用差异沉降量推算法进行倾斜观测的方法.