BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Redundant Spaces in Cities and Regions? Studies in Industrial Decline and Social Change . J. Anderson, S. Duncan and R. Hudson. eds. The Social Consequences and Challenges of New Agricultural Technologies . Gigi M. Berardi and Charles C. Geisler, eds. Determinants of Fertility in Developing Countries, Vol. I, Supply and Demand for Children . Rodolfo A. Bultao and Ronald D. Lee, eds. Computer Mapping: Progress in the‘80s . James R. Carter. Washington: Colonial Africa . A. J. Christopher. Geography of the Soviet Union . J. P. Cole. Chicago Mapmakers, Essays on the Rise of the City's Map Trade . Michael P. Conzen, ed. Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists and the Ecology of New England . William Cronon. Mizner's Florida: American Resort Architecture . Donald W. Curl. Geographical Studies on the Soviet Union: Essays in Honor of Chauncy D. Harris . George Demko and Roland J. Fuchs, eds. Fluvial Hydrology . S. Lawrence Dingman. Pueblo Indian Water Rights: Struggle For a Precious Resource . Charles T. DuMars, Marilyn O'Leary and Albert E. Utton. Women in the Cities of Asia: Migration and Urban Adaptation . James T. Fawcett, Siew-Ean Khoo, and Peter C. Smith, eds. America's National Parks and Their Keepers . Ronald A. Foresta. Neighborhood Revitalization and the Postindustrial City . Dennis E. Gale. China in Canada: A Dialogue on Resources and Development . R. Louis Gentilcore, ed. China: The 80s Era . Norton Ginsburg and Bernard A. Lalor, eds. Boulder, CO: Global Resources: Challenges of Interdependence . Martin I. Glassner, ed. River Networks . Texas: A Geography . Terry G. Jordan with John L. Bean, Jr. and William M. Holmes. The American Frontier: An Archaeological Study of Settlement Pattern and Process . Kenneth E. Lewis. Water Resources, Geography and Law . Olen Paul Matthews. A Field Guide to American Houses . Virginia and Lee McAlester. Population: Patterns, Dynamics, and Prospects . James L. Newman and Gordon E. Matzke. Wood, Brick, and Stone, The North American Settlement Landscape, Vol. 1: Houses . Allen G. Noble. Historical Analysis in Geography . William Norton. The Displaced Worker and Community Response: Case Study of Portsmouth, Scioto County, Ohio . H. Milton Patton and Janet W. Patton. Disaster Management: Warning Response and Community Relocation . Ronald W. Perry and Alvin H. Muskatel. The Anthropology of Space: Explorations into the Natural Philosophy and Semantics of the Navajo . Rik Pinxten, Ingrid van Dooren, and Frank Harvey. What STYLE Is It? A Guide To American Architecture . John C. Poppeliers, S. Allen Chambers, Jr., and Nancy B. Schwartz. Appalachia: A Regional Geography—Land, People and Development . Karl Raitz and Richard Ulack. An Introduction to Urban Geography . John R. Short. Ford, A Village in the West Highlands of Scotland: A Case Study of Repopulation and Social Change in a Small Community . John B. Stephenson. Income and Jobs: USA Diagnosing the Reality . George Sternlieb and James W. Hughes. Weather and Climate of the Antarctic . W. Schwerdtfeger. History and Ecology: Studies of the Grassland, James C. Malin . Robert P. Swierenga, ed. Optimal Control of Spatial Systems . K. C. Tan and R. J. Bennett. Social Science and Revolutions . Stan Taylor. The Global Textile Industry . Brian Toyne, Jeffrey S. Arpan, David A. Ricks, Terence A. Shimp and Andy Barnett. Integrated Water Development: Water Use and Conservation Practice in Western Colorado . James L. Wescoat, Jr. Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Maps and Graphics for the Visually Handicapped . Joseph W. Wiedel, ed.     

集聚型农业村落文化景观的演化过程与机理——以山东曲阜峪口村为例

随着新农村建设的推进,农业型村落的建设将会成为今后的要点和难点。而集聚型农业村落乡村文化景观的代表性、典型性和示范性,使其文化景观演化研究对新农村建设具有重要参考意义。本文以山东曲阜峪口村为例,通过实地调查和入户访谈,对这一问题进行实证研究。研究发现,改革开放30年来集聚型农业村落文化景观的演化大致经历了三个阶段。其中,聚落空间演变经历了机械型外向扩展、蔓延型外向扩展与空心化、内部重填与再集聚三个阶段;民居景观演变经历了传统四合院、平顶化和立体发展三个阶段;土地利用经历了圈层化、细碎化与集约利用、集中化与粗放利用三个阶段。其演化是城乡关系、国家经济发展与现代化进程、计划生育与农地制度、国家政策等驱动因子影响下产生的乡村人口、社会、经济和文化变化所导致的。未来,聚落空间的再集聚,民居景观的现代化、生态化和特色化并重,土地利用景观的规模化、集约化和可持续发展将会成为集聚型农业村落的发展趋势。     

An Urban Policy Framework for Culture-oriented Economic Development: Lessons from the Netherlands

Over the past few decades, culture and creativity have been at the center of the shift in urban economies toward the non-material and the relational. In the new "cultural-economic" paradigm, the hypermobile class of creative workers and symbolic mediators is considered the vanguard of the knowledge society, and is nurtured and competed for by an increasing number of ambitious city governments. However, the integration of creative talent into the urban economy is not without problems: many cities are rapidly coming to realize that "traditional" approaches to economic development offer little help in the case of cultural industries, and that their impacts could be short-lived or socially ambivalent. More insight is thus needed into the dynamic relationships between culture and urban development, and on their implications for policymaking. This study is an attempt to build such knowledge, using qualitative information on four Dutch cities that have chosen culture as one of the spearheads of urban policy: Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, and Eindhoven.     

The use cases of digital earth

Abstract

The formal process of system design begins with the identification of use cases. No such cases are readily apparent for the current generation of geobrowsers, though the text of the 1998 Gore speech refers to several. An analysis of the use cases of geographic information systems (GIS) reveals similarities with the functionality of geobrowsers, inviting the view that the two forms of geographic information technology will eventually converge. However, experience suggests that users are finding very different ways of exploiting geobrowsers, and two examples are discussed in detail. These uses can be interpreted within a broad framework of spatial concepts, and the paper concludes that this framework provides a better guide to the future of geobrowsers and Digital Earth than current GIS technology.     

新文化地理学中的非表征与再物质化研究进展

文化地理学以往对表征和话语的过度重视,引起了部分学者对“非表征”和“再物质化”的思考,呼吁关注日常生活中即时的、动态和无法被表征捕捉的实践和情绪,并重视物质实体的展演性、流动性、情绪塑造和符号交换的意义,引发和促进了新文化地理学对于情感、身体、实践、展演和日常生活等议题的关注。论文对“非表征”和“再物质化”的概念和核心理论进行了梳理,并对“身份、认同及空间的构建”“情感与空间氛围”“身体与展演及意义”以及“权力与网络”4个相关议题进行了讨论,以期促进国内文化地理学对感知的、即时的和物质性的空间要素进行关注,并对新文化地理研究方法进行创新。     

Globalisation,contest and paradox in a continuing cultural landscape: Land reform in the New Zealand High Country

Geografisk Tidsskrift—Danish Journal of Geography 109(2):161–179, 2009

A key feature of globalization is the way that local landscapes are progressively opened up to the influence of global markets, consumers and capital. The transformations that result are frequently politically contested, and can profoundly and quickly affect cultural landscapes that have evolved slowly over long periods. The contests over policy direction may draw upon long established ideals of occupancy and ownership, and such ‘policy myths’ may paradoxically serve to undermine the very landscapes from which they are drawn. The New Zealand South Island High Country is a distinctive continuing cultural landscape that is currently undergoing radical change as a result of land tenure reform. The unarticle demonstrates the way that cultural and political narratives and ideals are critical factors in mediating the relationship between globalization and local landscape change in this iconic landscape.     

渭河流域全新世环境演变对人类文化发展的影响

通过对渭河流域10000 多年来环境资源演变的高分辨率实验数据资料和考古文献资料的分析, 探讨了全 新世以来, 渭河流域人类文化的演进与环境演变之间的耦合关系。分析表明:在8 500～3 100 a B.P.全新世大暖期, 渭河流域水、土、生物资源条件优越, 人类逐步形成了原始定居旱作农业类型文化, 从而奠定了渭河流域农业文明 的基础; 其间4 000～3 000 a B.P., 渭河流域北部的农牧交错带, 由于气候的逐渐冷干化, 导致水、土、生物资源退化, 造成旱作农业土地利用方式由游牧业取而代之; 在3 100 a B.P, 由于季风格局的突变, 整个渭河流域进入了一个相 对干旱缺雨、成壤环境的恶化时期, 环境的恶化导致了水土资源的退化, 大大动摇了旱作农业和游牧业的经济基 础, 影响了先周和西周社会的发展。     

从遥感考古走向空间考古——文化遗产保护时代的新任务

基于遥感考古发展历程与主要进展分析,提出从遥感考古走向空间考古的认识,构划空间考古内涵、主要研究内容与实验区选择。空间考古既是适应文化遗产保护需求的新任务、新发展与新使命,也是文化、科学与技术融合发展的一支新学科,将促进“一带一路”的建设,并为提升中国参与全球治理软实力贡献力量。     

汪一鸣先生的学术思想及其对中国地理学发展的贡献

汪一鸣先生是长期在政府部门工作,并坚持将理论研究与实践紧密结合的地理学家。他的学术思想集中表现为人地关系地域系统理论框架下的发展中地区人地关系地理时空观,对解释和揭示发展中地区 (发展中国家、区域,或更微观领域如乡村) 地理过程规律和结构变化具有重要的理论与实践指导意义,是对当今地理学理论的重要补充。从事地理学研究60年来,先生始终将发展中地区人地关系地理时空观思想和地理学的应用性特征始终贯穿于区域PRED系统研究、区域国土开发整治与规划研究、区域历史地理学研究、区域人文地理学人才培养和学术活动等4个方面,并长期致力于地理学科服务国家和区域发展与决策过程之中。汪先生的一系列创新性研究与实践,对中国地理学的发展作出了杰出贡献,特别是对中国民族地区地理学服务地方经济社会发展和生态环境保护方面,更是贡献卓著。他的学术思想值得我们年轻一代继承和发扬,他对中国地理学理论与实践作出的突出贡献,必将载入地理学发展的史册。     

高坝对乌江下游底栖动物群落结构的影响

基于2006-2016年近10年的长期监测数据,对乌江下游两座高坝的修建对底栖动物群落结构的影响效应进行研究.结果表明：大坝蓄水前后底栖动物群落结构发生显著变化,不同时期的群落结构差异明显.蜉蝣目稚虫对生境的剧烈变动不适应,软体动物田螺科和觹螺科的一些种类对生境的剧烈扰动较为适应,生活史较短的机会主义物种在水库淹没区和坝下河段逐渐定殖下来.建坝以及大坝的运行调度对乌江下游底栖动物的群落结构产生了重大影响,底栖动物群落结构随着时间发生一定程度的演替.在底栖动物所有类群中,软体动物对栖息地的丧失以及流量的剧烈波动具有较高的耐受性,水生昆虫相对较不耐受环境的剧烈变化,而甲壳动物的适应性极强.百分比模式相似性指数（Percent Model Affinity,PMA）的变动趋势可有效地反映大坝对底栖动物群落的影响效应,其均值随离坝距离的增加而呈现逐步增加的趋势,表明大坝调度对水生态造成的负面影响会随着离坝距离的增加而逐步弱化,这与河流不连续体理论（Serial Discontinuity Concept,SDC）的预测趋势基本一致.根据长期监测成果,蜉蝣目扁蜉科、四节蜉科、细裳蜉科以及毛翅目纹石蛾科的种群恢复状况以及PMA指数可作为评估大坝不利影响减缓措施效果的依据.