用VB在AutoCAD中绘制地形图程序开发

介绍了在Visual Basic Language(VB)程序设计语言基础上启动AutoCAD绘制地形图的方法,编写了使用VB通过全站仪导出数据在AutoCAD中绘图的绘图程序。     

Automated extraction of hydrographically corrected contours for the conterminous United States: the US Geological Survey US Topo product

The US Topo is a new generation of digital topographic maps delivered by the US Geological Survey (USGS). These maps include contours in the traditional 7.5-min quadrangle format. The process for producing digital elevation contours has evolved over several years, but automated production of contours for the US Topo product began in 2010. This process, which is quite complex yet fairly elegant, automatically chooses the proper USGS quadrangle, captures the corresponding 1/3 as grid points from the national elevation data set (3D Elevation Program), and adjusts elevation data to better fit water features from the National Hydrography Dataset. After additional processing, such as identifying and tagging depressions, constructing proper contours across double-line streams, and omitting contours from water bodies, contours are automatically produced for the quadrangle. The resulting contours are then compared to the contours on the original (legacy) topographic map sheets, or to the 10-m contours from the original map sheets. Where the elevation surface used to generate the contours has been derived from the previously published contours for a quadrangle, the generated contours match the legacy contours quite well. Where newer elevation sources, such as lidar, originate the elevation surface, generated contours may vary significantly from the previous cartographically produced contours due to more accurate representations of the surface, and less reliance on cartographic interpretation.     

Enhancing adaptive composite map projections: Wagner transformation between the Lambert azimuthal and the transverse cylindrical equal-area projections

The adaptive composite map projection technique changes the projection to minimize distortion for the geographic area shown on a map. This article improves the transition between the Lambert azimuthal projection and the transverse equal-area cylindrical projection that are used by adaptive composite projections for portrait-format maps. Originally, a transverse Albers conic projection was suggested for transforming between these two projections, resulting in graticules that are not symmetric relative to the central meridian. We propose the alternative transverse Wagner transformation between the two projections and provide equations and parameters for the transition. The suggested technique results in a graticule that is symmetric relative to the central meridian, and a map transformation that is visually continuous with changing map scale.     

浅析安徽省地理国情普查专用符号库制作

地理国情普查是全面获取地表覆盖和基本地理国情的重要工作,是实施科学发展观的基本保障,其重要性不言而喻。本文针对地理国情普查工作制作一套完整的符号库和作业方案进行分析,便于内业解译时各种数据以所见即所得的形式直观地显示出来,提高内业数据采集和编辑工作效率的同时,更有利于外业调查方便使用。     

广东省国土资源“一张图”信息体系建设与应用

广东省国土资源"一张图"信息体系建设与应用包括国土资源核心数据库、综合管理平台、信息服务网站、应用中间件和典型应用案例等多方面的建设,以及配套的标准与技术规范的研究。目的是全面、快速和准确地掌握全省土地、矿产等各类资源的总体布局,做到资源状况"一览无余",为国土资源政务管理、资源的全程监控监管提供持续有力的数据支撑,为各级政府部门、社会行业及公众提供国土资源信息公开共享服务。采用了海量数据管理、组件式开发、数据保密处理及共享服务等多种技术,具备灵活性高、实用性强的特点,已在国土、气象、水利等部门率先开展了典型应用建设,形成了成熟共享应用模式,为后续的应用推广奠定了坚实的基础,具有良好的前景。     

基于CorelDRAW的制图要素符号化研究

制图要素符号化是利用形式多样的地图符号,对地物的空间位置、分布特点以及数量、质量等基本特征进行可视化表达的过程。CorelDRAW极强的图形、文字及矢量线划编辑功能颇受制图人员青睐,尤其在要素符号化工作中扮演着重要角色。文章从点、线、面三个角度对制图要素符号化进行了理论探析,并基于CorelDRAWX5及其宏编辑器,引用CorelDRAW 15.0 Type Library控件进行了二次开发,实现了点状符号的九位替换、工字型国界符号的生成和自定义点符号的面域填充,不仅提高了地图制图效率,而且确保了图面内容的美观性。     

三维GIS中符号化水面的设计与实现

提出了在三维GIS系统中以符号化的方式解决水面可视化问题的方案,基于超图GIS平台软件进行了实现。结果证明,该方案能够和二维GIS数据紧密结合,提高了三维GIS中水面场景的构建效率,提升了可视化效果。     

机载雷达技术在中小比例尺地形图中的应用研究

机载雷达技术已经广泛应用于各个领域,机载雷达能瞬间获得大量的采样点,采样点具有高密度、高精度的优势,本文阐述了机载雷达技术在中小比例尺地形图中的应用。     

Map Libraries

Colour distortion, which is caused by the unavoidable mismatch between a map’s gamut and a device’s gamut, negatively affects the semiotic quality of maps. Cartographic communication often suffers from undesirable colour inconsistency. This method models cartographic colour reproduction as a constrained transform problem, namely, adapting a map’s gamut to fit a device’s gamut while preserving the semiotic quality. First, the characteristics of the map’s gamut are investigated by considering cartographic principles, and the fundamental concerns of preserving semiotic quality are proposed. Then, the self-organizing map method is introduced to iteratively optimize the cartographic colour reproduction. We implement this method and evaluate it based on a series of thematic maps. The results indicate that the proposed algorithm offers better results than two alternatives in terms of facilitating cartographic colour reproduction.     

Point Pattern Synthesis

Abstract

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Patterns consisting of point symbols are commonly applied to symbolize land cover. Tree symbols, for example, indicate forested areas; small irregular dots show quarries and pits; or regular line symbols represent a vineyard. This paper presents an automatic method for synthesizing patterns consisting of one or more point symbols. Symbols of varying sizes or graphical appearance can be combined according to user-defined ratios. The automatic method generates patterns of regularly or irregularly distributed symbols. It ensures that symbols do not overlap and do not graphically conflict with other map features. The method has been implemented in a free plug-in for the Adobe Illustrator vector graphics editor.