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411.
为了探究含软、硬两种岩性碎块石土石混合体的变形破坏过程与力学性质,发展了一种基于软硬石模板库的土石混合体建模方法。通过在PFC2D中建立符合原位结构特征的软硬石模板库,利用此模板库生成了不同含石量土石混合体颗粒流模型,对土石混合体进行了单轴压缩颗粒流模拟。结果表明:土石混合体破坏始于土-石接触面,土石介质分离大多因剪切破坏导致,加载前期微裂纹迅速增长,中、后期微裂纹增长速率减缓,但宏观变形渐趋显著;随着含石量的增加,土石混合体单轴抗压强度逐渐降低,块石的转动与侧向移动会加剧土石混合体的整体破坏;相同含石量下,随着软石比例的增加,单轴抗压强度呈下降趋势,试验后试样破裂率与单个软石颗粒的破裂程度均保持在较高水平,软石颗粒破裂是引起土石混合体单轴抗压强度降低的重要原因。 相似文献
412.
丹麦海峡海洋锋可为局地气候变化、海峡鱼类分布以及海峡中尺度涡等方面研究提供参考,在军事领域也具有较高应用价值。然而目前国内外缺乏对于丹麦海峡锋的系统研究。本文利用WOA13数据,对丹麦海峡锋位置、强度空间分布以及相应的季节变化进行了分析。结果显示,锋轴线位置在34°W以西150 m以浅相对稳定,34°W以东锋轴线随深度和季节均有摆动。锋强度在水平和垂直方向分布不均匀,水平方向上锋轴线最大值与最小值差值一般在3倍以上。垂直方向盐度锋主要集中在100 m以浅,且强度随深度不断减小;温度锋强度最大值在表层以下且在300 m以深随深度增加锋强度减小,但有一些区域如27°W和28°W附近,受到海底地形的影响温度锋强度随着深度的变化有大幅度增加的特点。 相似文献
413.
以深圳市电信管线断面详查工程为背景,论述了电信管线断面详查的要求、方法、技术和内容,以将成果融入深圳市规划国土局地下管线管理信息系统为目标,讨论了电信管线断面图形数据库的设计与建立. 相似文献
414.
多空间数据库位置匹配方法及其应用 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
同一地区由于不同的要求和目的而建立了多种数据库 ,包括不同比例尺的基础地理信息数据库或空间专题属性数据库。在实际应用中经常需要将这些数据库中的数据联系起来 ,相互利用。在实践中通常可以利用存在位置属性这一特点将这些数据库关联 ,达到充分利用数据、挖掘数据潜在信息的目的。本文以国家基础地理信息数据库中全国 1∶2 5万和全国 1∶1 0 0万数据的公路和河流要素为实例 ,阐述利用空间位置这一特性来建立数据库联系的思路方法 相似文献
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418.
Data resources and assessment frameworks are two keys to ecosystem health assessment (EHA). Application of the land use database together with the Pressure–State–Response (PSR) model in EHA provides better precision relative to traditional data resources and assessment frameworks for EHA at the county scale. The raw data are taken from The Anlu County Annals, The Soil Records of Anlu County, and The Statistical Yearbook of National Economy in Anlu County. The spatial and attribute data are partly extracted from the database of current land use in Anlu City using the MAPGIS platform. Based on the results from principal component analysis (PCA), a total of eleven indicators were selected to build an indicator system designed to assess the ecosystem health at the county scale. According to the PSR model, the scores from three indices (press index, state index, and response index) and a comprehensive assessment index (CAI) were calculated, and an assessment map was constructed. The results from the index scores and spatial analysis display a large range for the state of ecosystem health due to the evolution of natural ecosystems and human activities at the county scale. The precision of the current land use database (scale of 1:10,000) makes it a better candidate for evaluating ecosystem health than the traditional data resources. This study also demonstrates the numerous benefits of combining land use databases with GIS functions to assess ecosystem health at the county scale. 相似文献
419.
WOLFGANG KAINZ 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(2):253-254
The introduction of automated generalisation procedures in map production systems requires that generalisation systems are capable of processing large amounts of map data in acceptable time and that cartographic quality is similar to traditional map products. With respect to these requirements, we examine two complementary approaches that should improve generalisation systems currently in use by national topographic mapping agencies. Our focus is particularly on self‐evaluating systems, taking as an example those systems that build on the multi‐agent paradigm. The first approach aims to improve the cartographic quality by utilising cartographic expert knowledge relating to spatial context. More specifically, we introduce expert rules for the selection of generalisation operations based on a classification of buildings into five urban structure types, including inner city, urban, suburban, rural, and industrial and commercial areas. The second approach aims to utilise machine learning techniques to extract heuristics that allow us to reduce the search space and hence the time in which a good cartographical solution is reached. Both approaches are tested individually and in combination for the generalisation of buildings from map scale 1:5000 to the target map scale of 1:25 000. Our experiments show improvements in terms of efficiency and effectiveness. We provide evidence that both approaches complement each other and that a combination of expert and machine learnt rules give better results than the individual approaches. Both approaches are sufficiently general to be applicable to other forms of self‐evaluating, constraint‐based systems than multi‐agent systems, and to other feature classes than buildings. Problems have been identified resulting from difficulties to formalise cartographic quality by means of constraints for the control of the generalisation process. 相似文献
420.
Jingsong Wu Kevin Amaratunga 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(3):273-289
GIS applications have recently begun to emerge on the Internet. The management of three-dimensional geographic datasets in this distributed environment poses a particularly challenging problem, which highlights the need for a good data representation. This paper presents a new multiresolution data representation: the Wavelet Triangulated Irregular Network (WTIN). Compared to the traditional cell-based Digital Elevation Model (DEM) format and the Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) format, it is more compact and suitable for scalable distributed GIS services. This format is based on the second-generation wavelet theory and is specially designed for geographical height field data. The modified Butterfly scheme is used for constructing the wavelet transform. For every point in the geographic surface, only a single wavelet coefficient is used, which makes the final data representation very efficient and easy to compress. Because the transform used in the data representation is a linear filter operation, the computational efficiency is better than other multiresolution data formats for terrain surfaces. Results from numerical experiments on real data are given to demonstrate that the proposed data representation can be efficiently implemented. The results show that the proposed WTIN data format can provide multiresolution data sets, which achieve significant compression while preserving geographical features. The quality is found to be quite acceptable for geographical terrain representation. 相似文献