To afforest the desert with the technology of peat composed of rotten mosses and the sustainable development of the oases

Only by providing the good conditions for the growth of plants can a favorable ecologicalenvironment on which human beings rely for existence be created. The upside-down-T dou-ble-layer water-conserving afforestation way is developed according to the situation of the short-age of water resources, low soil fertility and vast land in the arid areas. The characteristics of theafforestation way are to change the microenvironment in the root area of the plants, provide thefavorable conditions for the growth of plants, and reduce the necessary conditions for the growth ofplants in large areas in the arid regions. Meanwhile, the size of its water-conserving layer can bechanged according to the size of the planted trees. The different ways of the bottom wa-ter-conserving layer can be used according to the requirements. The afforestation way is suitablefor planting trees on a small scale and also for afforesting on a large scale under the adverse cir-cumstances in the arid areas, and has been effectively used in the afforestation in the hinterland ofTaklamakan Desert and the southern marginal zone of Gurbantonggut Desert. The prospects ofthe afforestation way are broad in afforestation and desertification control in the desert regions.     

Inferring erosional resistance of bedrock units in the east Tennessee mountains from digital elevation data

Measures of local relief, regional relief, and slope were calculated from digital elevation models (DEMs) for 50 bedrock units in the Ridge and Valley and Blue Ridge provinces of Tennessee. Each of these measures was normalized and the three were then averaged to produce the erosional resistance index (ERI). Bedrock units with higher ERI values include coarse clastics, intermediate clastics, and metaplutonics. Units with lower values include shales, limestones, limestones plus dolostones, and carbonates plus fine clastics. Dolostones tend to have intermediate values. The calculated ERI values were compared with subjective ratings by a geologist with decades of field experience in east Tennessee. Generally, the agreement between the two ratings was good, the most glaring exception being several shales with improbably high ERI values. These turned out to be thin units cropping out beneath very hard sandstones, allowing them to stand higher and steeper than would otherwise be possible. A systematic method for detecting such erroneously high ERI values is suggested. Inspection of a drainage map superimposed on the geology map shows that in a given area, streams tend to flow on rock units with the lowest ERI values. In addition, statistical analysis shows that bedrock units with the lowest ERI values are, on average, almost three times closer to the nearest stream and six times as likely to have streams flowing on them than are units with highest values. Further, the effect of ERI on stream location is strongest for streams with drainage areas between 1 and 30 km². Thus, small streams appear to be subject to greater lithologic control than are larger streams.     

SMA-MR复合型阻尼器

利用形状记忆合金超弹性、形状记忆特性和MR液的材料特性，提出了SMA-MR复合阻尼器，建立了阻尼器的理论模型。通过输入正弦波得到小震、大震时相应的滞回曲线，并对一单层框架进行输入El Centro地震波下的减震效果分析，比较了SMA-MR阻尼器、仅有SMA和仅有MR作用下的减震效果。结果表明，所设计的SMA-MR阻尼器具有卓越的阻尼性能，对大震、小震的控制实现了自适应的智能性。     

Sedimentary environment and development controls of the hydrocarbon source beds:Middle and Upper Proterozoic in northern North China

Problem on development control of marine source bed hold in Chinese petroleum industry progression. The Hongshuizhuang Formation,Tieling Formation and Xiamaling Formation in the Middle and Upper Proterozoic are important hydrocarbon source beds in northern North China, and investigation of their sedimentary environments and the controls has great significance for petroleum exploration in North China. Based on sedimentology (sequence stratigraphy), palaeoecology, sedimentary geochemistry, and sedimentary palaeogeography, their development pattern is discussed. All these studies indicate that the development controls of the hydrocarbon source beds include a favorite palaeogeographic location, exceeding propagation of biomes in low and middle latitudes, anoxic environments, enrichment of phosphorus element and the adsorption of clay minerals during the preservation of organic matter in the marine carbonates.     

沙地节水渗灌自动控制系统的研制

文章介绍了一种沙地节水渗灌自动控制系统装置,主要叙述了渗灌装置的结构组成与连接方法,以及系统的软、硬件组成与仪器功能指标,整个系统设计简洁,成本低,可靠性好,能自动监测沙地水分上下限和渗坛水位上下限,根据所需信息系统自动向管道供水,大幅度减轻操作人员的劳动强度。采用微机技术有利于农业现代化管理,是我国节水渗灌农业值得推广的自动化控制系统     

湿地的防洪功能分析评价——以东洞庭湖为例

湿地作为生产力最高的土地类型,具有水文、水质、食物链和栖息地等方面的功能以及社会经济价值。其中水文功能主要表现在防洪功能方面,包括调蓄洪水、削减洪峰、滞流和减少侵蚀等。文中通过利用地理信息系统、遥感数据、模拟、统计分析和空间计算等方法,定量分析评价东洞庭湖湿地的防洪功能,提出了湿地防洪功能评价方法。     

巴丹吉林沙漠南缘的植物固沙问题

在野外考察的基础上,选择13个典型样地,研究了巴丹吉林沙漠南缘植被组成、群落特征和植被格局。结果表明：调查的样地中有荒漠植物31种,其中灌木12种,多年生草本11种,一二年生草本8种。种群密度3 000—14 000株·hm^-2,优势种在群落中地位显著,群落稳定性较差;植被斑块面积小、最大斑块指数低。沙漠南缘年降水量虽然仅100 mm左右,但有霸王（Zygophyllum xanthoxylon）、红砂（Reaumuria soongarica）和沙蒿（Artemisia desertorum）等灌木和半灌木天然植物群落分布,有白刺（Nitraria tangutorum）和膜果麻黄（Ephedra przewalskii）灌丛沙堆,沙丘上生长着沙拐枣（Calligonum mongolicum）、沙鞭（Psammochloa villosa）等种群生存,且在沙漠延伸带流动沙丘上已成功建立了梭梭（Haloxylon ammodendron）人工固沙植被,表明在巴丹吉林沙漠南缘建立以乡土植物为主的固沙植被是可行的。在未来研究中,应在山水林田湖草沙生命共同体理念下加强从区域尺度上解析水、植被和沙的关系,系统了解生态系统的原真性、完整性和连通性及生态系统稳定性维持等问题,优化生态景观格局,确定生态保护目标和建设规模,同时要加强对乡土植物适应干旱风沙机制和扩繁保育技术研究,以便为区域生态建设和生态保护提供科技支撑。     

泌阳凹陷毕店地区油藏特征浅析

泌阳凹陷毕店地区经过三十多年的勘探,一直没有取得实质性的突破。2005年以来对该区三维地震资料重新处理与解释攻关,基本具备了精细勘探的物质基础。毕店地区主体已发现的油气藏类型以断层+岩性油气藏为主。通过应用系统的研究思路,以现代石油地质理论为指导,初步探讨毕店地区油藏分布特征与油气成藏的控制作用。     

云南省防洪空间信息系统构建

通过讨论应用地理信息系统（GIS）技术，立足现实对相关空间数据进行集成和整合处理，实现防洪空间信息的数字化、标准化，为优化防汛指挥工作手段提供基础。系统数据库饭知不同比例尺精度的空间基础数据以满足不同目的的需求，对相关水文、防洪设施、全省洪涝风险和重点区风险图、土地利用等图件进行系统整合。系统有较强的管理功能和分析功能，可提高云南省防洪空间信息的共享度和系统有效管理，为政府统一组织和指挥抗洪救灾提供重要的辅助决策支持手段。     

甘肃环县东山黄土泥流综合治理

东山四沟泥流活动频繁 ,严重威胁环县城区 1 .4万人生命和 1 .6亿元资产安全。对其采取了以均质黄土坝、排导槽、沟头防护墙和涝池等工程措施与植树造林、水平梯田和柳谷坊等生物措施相结合的综合治理方案。