Fast and accurate earthquake location within complex medium using a hybrid globallocal inversion approach

A novel hybrid approach for earthquake location is proposed which uses a combined coarse global search and fine local inversion with a minimum search routine, plus an examination of the root mean squares (RMS) error distribution. The method exploits the advantages of network ray tracing and robust formulation of the Fréchet derivatives to simultaneously update all possible initial source parameters around most local minima (including the global minimum) in the solution space, and finally to determine the likely global solution. Several synthetic examples involving a 3-D complex velocity model and a challenging source-receiver layout are used to demonstrate the capability of the newly-developed method. This new global-local hybrid solution technique not only incorporates the significant benefits of our recently published hypocenter determination procedure for multiple earthquake parameters, but also offers the attractive features of global optimal searching in the RMS travel time error distribution. Unlike the traditional global search method, for example, the Monte Carlo approach, where millions of tests have to be done to find the final global solution, the new method only conducts a matrix inversion type local search but does it multiple times simultaneously throughout the model volume to seek a global solution. The search is aided by inspection of the RMS error distribution. Benchmark tests against two popular approaches, the direct grid search method and the oct-tree important sampling method, indicate that the hybrid global-local inversion yields comparable location accuracy and is not sensitive to modest level of noise data, but more importantly it offers two-order of magnitude speed-up in computational effort. Such an improvement, combined with high accuracy, make it a promising hypocenter determination scheme in earthquake early warning, tsunami early warning, rapid hazard assessment and emergency response after strong earthquake occurrence.     

辽宁中部城市群大气能见度器测目测差异比较

利用2009年5月至2009年11月鞍山、沈阳、本溪、抚顺4个市区的器测能见度和人工观测能见度资料,分别按照不同气象要素和天气现象等情形下,对两种观测数据资料的差异进行了详细的统计分析.结果表明:与无视程障碍天气情形相比,出现具有视程障碍天气情形时,器测、目测能见度差异较小;总云量越多,两种观测值差异越小;PM10质量...     

GRAPES_TYM模式对TC路径及环境引导气流预报检验分析

对2012—2013年GRAPES_TYM模式热带气旋路径预报结果进行检验,结果表明:模式对所有类型路径预报在24h、48h和72h预报时效的平均距离误差分别为94.3km,143.7km和260.8km,并且存在偏北的系统性偏差;对于南海TC,模式对TC移向预报较实况偏右,移速误差较小,移向偏差是路径偏差的主要原因;另外统计得到模式对TC移向的预报偏差与对其环境引导气流预报偏差有密切的关系,以1213号台风"启德"为例进一步通过移向误差诊断方程探讨了环境引导气流预报偏差(包括环境风场预报偏差、环境引导气流半径偏差及环境引导气流厚度偏差)对TC移向偏差的影响,而环境引导气流预报误差来源与模式对大尺度天气系统、TC大小及强度的预报偏差有关。     

高空西北气流下特大暴雨的预报误差分析及思考

利用常规及非常规气象资料、业务数值预报模式、GFS再分析资料(0.5°×0.5°),分析了2016年6月19日江西北部高空西北气流下特大暴雨环境场特征和数值模式误差,对比了相似形势的暴雨过程,找出业务预报误差较大的可能原因是对高空"干冷"西北气流南移、副热带高压北抬的速度、低空西南急流加强及前端辐合、上游移来短波槽、异常水汽条件的综合作用分析不到位,各类数值模式产品对降水落区预报偏北、强度预报偏弱也影响了预报员对暴雨的综合判断;给出了预报这类特大暴雨着眼点和预报概念模型以及订正模式降水的思路。     

RANSAC-PSO算法的抗差反演——以芦山地震为例

本文利用RANSAC-PSO算法研究在反演断层滑动参数时所用大地测量数据包含粗差的问题。在模拟实验中对理论观测值加入1%、5%、10%粗差,分别采用粒子群算法、选权迭代算法和RANSAC-PSO算法反演断层滑动参数。结果表明,当观测值中包含粗差率达10%时,PSO算法反演的滑动参数与理论值相差23.2 cm,选权迭代法反演的滑动参数与理论值相差26.2 cm,而RANSAC-PSO反演的滑动参数与理论值相差小于1 cm。芦山地震具有以逆冲为主兼具少量左旋走滑性质,采用芦山地震同震GPS位移数据分别以PSO算法和RANSAC-PSO算法反演断层滑动参数,RANSAC-PSO算法反演的走滑量为0.051 8 m,倾滑量为0.828 9 m,均大于PSO的反演结果;释放能量1.000 9×1019 N·m（MW6.63）,与GCMT 的1.060 0×1019 N·m更加吻合。分别用RANSAC-PSO算法与PSO算法反演的滑动参数计算地表水平位移,并与GPS观测进行对比,发现二者在计算距断层的远场点时,计算的水平位移基本一致;而在计算距断层的近场点时,RANSAC-PSO算法表现更为优秀,尤其体现在LS07点上,其计算值与GPS观测值完全重合。     

静轨卫星扫描影像几何定位误差分析

本文根据线阵扫描成像机理,建立了静轨卫星线阵扫描影像几何定位模型。在考虑比例因子λ为变量情况下,对其外方位元素引起的定位误差进行严密地理论推导与定量分析。同时,利用矩阵理论与变换性质,使繁琐的定位误差推导过程与公式得以简化。根据定位误差公式,基于C++开发其原型系统,并从多个角度对静轨卫星扫描影像几何定位误差进行模拟实验。实验结果表明:单个外方位元素误差与之引起的定位误差之间,呈明显的线性正相关;外方位元素对中心点定位误差影响由大到小的顺序为φ、ω、α、β、H、κ;对边缘点定位误差影响由大到小的顺序为φ、ω、H、α、β、κ;从图像中心到图像边缘,φ、ω、H引起的定位误差逐渐增加,α、β引起的定位误差缓慢减小,κ引起的定位误差缓慢增加,综合定位误差逐渐增加,在边缘增加趋势明显。     

地理国情监测地表覆盖分类数据的质量控制

自2016年开始,地理国情工作的重心由普查转移到监测上来。地理国情监测地表覆盖分类数据成果的各项质量指标均比普查时更严格,如何更好地做好地表覆盖分类数据质量控制工作,直接影响监测数据成果的质量水平。本文结合山东省2019年度国情监测数据成果验收工作,对地表覆盖分类数据成果质量问题进行分析探讨,并对提高地表覆盖分类数据的质量水平提出建议。     

Seafloor gravity evidence for hydrothermal alteration of the sediments in Middle Valley, Juan de Fuca Ridge

Gravity data collected at two different levels, sea-surface and seafloor, are compared and interpreted to characterize the effect of hydrothermal circulation on the sediment density in Middle Valley, a deeply sedimented spreading center on the Juan de Fuca Ridge. The sea-surface gravity data constrain density variations at depth beneath the seafloor, whereas sea-bottom measurements are more sensitive to shallow sources. At least two different types of hydrothermal signatures in the sediments can be distinguished from the gravity data: short-wavelength anomalies associated with sulfide deposits and broader anomalies associated with areas of lithified sediments. In Middle Valley, three distinct gravity anomalies were identified. (a) An anomaly over a sulfide mound, south of Bent Hill, shows that the sulfide body extends to depths of 120 to 180 m and has been fed by several near-surface conduits. (b) An anomaly at the base of the fault bordering the valley to the east is interpreted as a regional anomaly combined with the local effect of lithified sediments and possibly sulfide deposits. (c) An anomaly paralleling an intra-valley fault, that limits the deepest part of the graben, is interpreted as indicating lithification of the upper sediment layer. A high heat flow anomaly is located 1 to 2 km east of this fault, suggesting that sediment lithification occurred in a wide band above the fault and eastward to the current high heat flow area, due to the progressive migration of the hot fluid circulation.     

浅析影响地下管线探测精度的原因

通过近几年来从事地下管线探测工作中,发现、总结影响地下管线探测精度的规律性,结合测绘新技术、新知识、新设备不断发展与使用的趋势下,分析影响管线探测质量的一些因素,使测绘生产单位进一步了解生产过程中容易出现的质量问题,以便采取积极、有效的预防措施,使测绘产品质量进一步得到提高,保证地下管线信息数据的可靠性、准确性和现势性。     

基于检测光幕的输送带撕裂监测技术应用

针对现有输送带检测装置不能有效检测输送带纵向撕裂、恶劣环境下可靠性低的问题,本文提出一种基于检测光幕的在线监测方法。该方法利用在输送带下方安装光幕传感器,连续采集输送带通过光幕传感器时的数据,对多组检测数据采用延时区间算法分析,计算光幕传感器发射的光线被连续遮挡的持续时间、移动方向和区间大小,结合输送带运行方向、区间大小间接检测输送带撕裂泄露问题。广东沙角c火电厂漏天料场应用表明,输送带纵向撕裂物料泄露检测率达95％以上,在恶劣环境下能正常运行。该方法有效解决了输送带检测装置可靠性差、抗干扰性低的问题,具有广阔的使用推广价值。