边坡稳定离心模型试验中离心力分布不均匀的影响

边坡稳定离心模型试验中离心力分布不均匀会给试验结果带来误差。本文用圆弧滑动计算法探讨了这种误差的大小、影响因素及变化规律，提出了减少误差的措施。     

用误差椭圆分析正直,交向摄影的点位精度

本文应用几何法推导出正直、文向摄影的点位精度公式和计算点位误差椭圆参数公式，由此用于点位精度分析。     

BD—1标定信号发生器研制原理及性能

为提高标定仪器的技术性能和功能，满足台网地震遥测系统分段标定的使用要求，研制了ＢＤ—１型标定信号发生器．该仪器采用比较先进的单板机技术，用数字合成的方法产生标定需要的十八点频正弦波信号．     

北京塔院井水位短临预报指标的研究

对塔院井３年水位、气压、固体的逐时值进行一系列数据处理，并用三角多项式拟合以消除年周期影响，把水位日气压系数和水位残差日均方差的余差作为塔院井短临预报指标，改进了水位前兆异常的提取方法。同时用熵的概念对这两个参数做出较客观的评价，计算出它们的前兆效益水平分别达到０．６５和０．５９，说明其较好的反映了地震的前兆信息     

地下水动态观测网优化设计研究

本文采用状态空间分析法,通过对地下水流系统输入变量、输出变量及地下水动态测量值的研究,提出了地下水流系统确定一随机性数值模型。运用该模型的模拟解,进行地下水动态观测网优化设计。该方法把地下水动态观测网密度、位置及观测频率优化与地下水流系统结合起来研究。为了克服该模型计算量大的缺陷,本文提出了一种改进算法,使这一观测网优化方法适于在微机上实现,减少了计算工作量。该方法曾用于陕西某地区地下水位动态观测网的优化设计,取得了显著经济效益。     

A statistical analysis of exploration geochemical data for uranium

This paper describes a statistical analysis of reconnaissance exploration geochemical data for uranium. Three sets of data were analyzed, as they related to: (a) Charlotte-Winston-Salem and (b) Charlotte two-degree NTMS quadrangles of the south-eastern U.S.A. The coefficient of variation for uranium in each of the three sets of data was less than unity and hence no transformation of the original variable was needed. These data were subjected to correlogram analysis. A first-order Markovian model of the type: Y₀ exp (-a |p|) was fit by the least-squares method to serial correlation coefficients of these data using the method proposed by Deming (1948). The model was tested by computing the variance-volume relationship for assumed individual blocks of unit length. The noise in the input (record) was eliminated by the application of an optimum bilateral exponential smoothing technique developed by Agterberg. A comparison of spectral density estimates obtained by a maximum entropy method employing Yule-Walker equations and the Burg algorithm was also made. The prediction error coefficients needed to determine the order of the autoregressive process and hence the spectral densities were determined in both cases for the three sets of data.On leave from National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad-7, India.     

Computation of travel times and rays in a medium of two-dimensional velocity distribution

A ray-tracing computer program is described for a two-dimensional velocity distribution defined by the local wave velocitiesv _{i, j} in points at arbitrary depthv _{i, j} below the surface points with the horizontal coordinatesx _i . The velocity variation is assumed to be linear in the triangles formed by three neighbouring points. Travel times and rays are then calculated after the exact analytic formulae for any position of the source within the model. No assumptions other than of a piecewise linear velocity structure are made. A first-order discontinuity can be approximated by a thin layer with a strong velocity gradient and refracted waves or wide-angle reflections obtained in this way. As an example,P-wave rays were computed for section No. 05 of the Alpine Longitudinal Profile. The model includes a low-velocity channel which is cut off on the eastern side, first-order discontinuities and a sediment basin.Paper presented at the ESC-Workshop Meeting Seismic Waves in Laterally Inhomogeneous Media, Liblice, 1978.     

一种土木工程结构变形测量误差校正方法

在实际校正土木工程结构变形测量误差时,存在冗余误差信息干扰,导致最终校正误差数值过小,针对这一不足,研究一种土木工程结构变形测量误差校正方法。计算工程结构沉降系数,预测测量误差,采用一个抗干扰能力较好的最小平方距离相关函数,消除冗余信息干扰,建立误差校正模型,完成校正方法的研究。实验制造工程结构构件,模拟工程测量环境,与两种传统校正方法进行对比实验,结果表明:与传统误差校正方法相比,文中校正方法的校正数值更大。     

Significance of Dar-Zarrouk parameters in the exploration of quality affected coastal aquifer systems

The interpreted Earth subsurface resistivity layer parameters of 55 vertical geoelectrical soundings are analyzed over a fan shaped area of 1,700 km² from Pipli-Astrang-Bhramgiri, Orissa, India. In this study, Dar-Zarrouk (D-Z) parameters, namely the longitudinal conductance (S), transverse resistance (T) and longitudinal resistivity (R _s ) are analyzed and we encountered the resistivity regime of the clay layers, saline and fresh water bearing formations. The significance of these parameters in establishing an easily decipherable vision about the occurrence and distribution of fresh and saline water aquifers, while dealing with complicated situations of intermixing of the resistivity ranges of saline and fresh water aquifers has been illustrated. The results show that the Dar-Zarrouk (D-Z) parameters provide a useful and confident solution in delineating the saline and fresh water aquifers. The behavior of the D-Z parameters S, T and R _s , and its patterns in space over large areas with respect to the occurrence of saline water and fresh water aquifer systems in the deltaic coastal aquifer system has been demonstrated.     

A general framework for error analysis in measurement-based GIS Part 2: The algebra-based probability model for point-in-polygon analysis

This is the second paper of a four-part series of papers on the development of a general framework for error analysis in measurement-based geographic information systems (MBGIS). In this paper, we discuss the problem of point-in-polygon analysis under randomness, i.e., with random measurement error (ME). It is well known that overlay is one of the most important operations in GIS, and point-in-polygon analysis is a basic class of overlay and query problems. Though it is a classic problem, it has, however, not been addressed appropriately. With ME in the location of the vertices of a polygon, the resulting random polygons may undergo complex changes, so that the point-in-polygon problem may become theoretically and practically ill-defined. That is, there is a possibility that we cannot answer whether a random point is inside a random polygon if the polygon is not simple and cannot form a region. For the point-in-triangle problem, however, such a case need not be considered since any triangle always forms an interior or region. To formulate the general point-in-polygon problem in a suitable way, a conditional probability mechanism is first introduced in order to accurately characterize the nature of the problem and establish the basis for further analysis. For the point-in-triangle problem, four quadratic forms in the joint coordinate vectors of a point and the vertices of the triangle are constructed. The probability model for the point-in-triangle problem is then established by the identification of signs of these quadratic form variables. Our basic idea for solving a general point-in-polygon (concave or convex) problem is to convert it into several point-in-triangle problems under a certain condition. By solving each point-in-triangle problem and summing the solutions, the probability model for a general point-in-polygon analysis is constructed. The simplicity of the algebra-based approach is that from using these quadratic forms, we can circumvent the complex geometrical relations between a random point and a random polygon (convex or concave) that one has to deal with in any geometric method when probability is computed. The theoretical arguments are substantiated by simulation experiments.This project was supported by the earmarked grant CUHK 4362/00H of the Hong Kong Research grants Council.